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MLA General Format
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MLA Style specifies guidelines for formatting manuscripts and citing research in writing. MLA Style also provides writers with a system for referencing their sources through parenthetical citation in their essays and Works Cited pages.
Writers who properly use MLA also build their credibility by demonstrating accountability to their source material. Most importantly, the use of MLA style can protect writers from accusations of plagiarism, which is the purposeful or accidental uncredited use of source material produced by other writers.
If you are asked to use MLA format, be sure to consult the MLA Handbook (9th edition). Publishing scholars and graduate students should also consult the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (3rd edition). The MLA Handbook is available in most writing centers and reference libraries. It is also widely available in bookstores, libraries, and at the MLA web site. See the Additional Resources section of this page for a list of helpful books and sites about using MLA Style.
Paper Format
The preparation of papers and manuscripts in MLA Style is covered in part four of the MLA Style Manual . Below are some basic guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA Style :
General Guidelines
- Type your paper on a computer and print it out on standard, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper.
- Double-space the text of your paper and use a legible font (e.g. Times New Roman). Whatever font you choose, MLA recommends that the regular and italics type styles contrast enough that they are each distinct from one another. The font size should be 12 pt.
- Leave only one space after periods or other punctuation marks (unless otherwise prompted by your instructor).
- Set the margins of your document to 1 inch on all sides.
- Indent the first line of each paragraph one half-inch from the left margin. MLA recommends that you use the “Tab” key as opposed to pushing the space bar five times.
- Create a header that numbers all pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner, one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor may ask that you omit the number on your first page. Always follow your instructor's guidelines.)
- Use italics throughout your essay to indicate the titles of longer works and, only when absolutely necessary, provide emphasis.
- If you have any endnotes, include them on a separate page before your Works Cited page. Entitle the section Notes (centered, unformatted).
Formatting the First Page of Your Paper
- Do not make a title page for your paper unless specifically requested or the paper is assigned as a group project. In the case of a group project, list all names of the contributors, giving each name its own line in the header, followed by the remaining MLA header requirements as described below. Format the remainder of the page as requested by the instructor.
- In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, list your name, your instructor's name, the course, and the date. Again, be sure to use double-spaced text.
- Double space again and center the title. Do not underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks. Write the title in Title Case (standard capitalization), not in all capital letters.
- Use quotation marks and/or italics when referring to other works in your title, just as you would in your text. For example: Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as Morality Play; Human Weariness in "After Apple Picking"
- Double space between the title and the first line of the text.
- Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that includes your last name, followed by a space with a page number. Number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), one-half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. (Note: Your instructor or other readers may ask that you omit the last name/page number header on your first page. Always follow instructor guidelines.)
Here is a sample of the first page of a paper in MLA style:
The First Page of an MLA Paper
Section Headings
Writers sometimes use section headings to improve a document’s readability. These sections may include individual chapters or other named parts of a book or essay.
MLA recommends that when dividing an essay into sections you number those sections with an Arabic number and a period followed by a space and the section name.
MLA does not have a prescribed system of headings for books (for more information on headings, please see page 146 in the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing , 3rd edition). If you are only using one level of headings, meaning that all of the sections are distinct and parallel and have no additional sections that fit within them, MLA recommends that these sections resemble one another grammatically. For instance, if your headings are typically short phrases, make all of the headings short phrases (and not, for example, full sentences). Otherwise, the formatting is up to you. It should, however, be consistent throughout the document.
If you employ multiple levels of headings (some of your sections have sections within sections), you may want to provide a key of your chosen level headings and their formatting to your instructor or editor.
Sample Section Headings
The following sample headings are meant to be used only as a reference. You may employ whatever system of formatting that works best for you so long as it remains consistent throughout the document.
Formatted, unnumbered:
Level 1 Heading: bold, flush left
Level 2 Heading: italics, flush left
Level 3 Heading: centered, bold
Level 4 Heading: centered, italics
Level 5 Heading: underlined, flush left
Generate accurate MLA citations for free
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- Knowledge Base
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MLA Format | Complete Guidelines & Free Template
Published on December 11, 2019 by Raimo Streefkerk . Revised on June 16, 2022 by Jack Caulfield.
The MLA Handbook provides guidelines for creating MLA citations and formatting academic papers. This quick guide will help you set up your MLA format paper in no time.
Start by applying these MLA format guidelines to your document:
- Times New Roman 12
- 1″ page margins
- Double line spacing
- ½” indent for new paragraphs
- Title case capitalization for headings
Download Word template Open Google Docs template
(To use the Google Docs template, copy the file to your Drive by clicking on ‘file’ > ‘Make a copy’)
Table of contents
How to set up mla format in google docs, header and title, running head, works cited page, creating mla style citations, headings and subheadings, tables and figures, frequently asked questions about mla format.
The header in MLA format is left-aligned on the first page of your paper. It includes
- Your full name
- Your instructor’s or supervisor’s name
- The course name or number
- The due date of the assignment
After the MLA header, press ENTER once and type your paper title. Center the title and don’t forget to apply title-case capitalization. Read our article on writing strong titles that are informative, striking and appropriate.
For a paper with multiple authors, it’s better to use a separate title page instead.
At the top of every page, including the first page, you need to include your last name and the page number. This is called the “running head.” Follow these steps to set up the MLA running head in your Word or Google Docs document:
- Double-click at the top of a page
- Type your last name
- Insert automatic page numbering
- Align the content to the right
The running head should look like this:
The Works Cited list is included on a separate page at the end of your paper. You list all the sources you referenced in your paper in alphabetical order. Don’t include sources that weren’t cited in the paper, except potentially in an MLA annotated bibliography assignment.
Place the title “Works Cited” in the center at the top of the page. After the title, press ENTER once and insert your MLA references.
If a reference entry is longer than one line, each line after the first should be indented ½ inch (called a hanging indent ). All entries are double spaced, just like the rest of the text.
Generate accurate MLA citations with Scribbr
Prefer to cite your sources manually? Use the interactive example below to see what the Works Cited entry and MLA in-text citation look like for different source types.
Headings and subheadings are not mandatory, but they can help you organize and structure your paper, especially in longer assignments.
MLA has only a few formatting requirements for headings. They should
- Be written in title case
- Be left-aligned
- Not end in a period
We recommend keeping the font and size the same as the body text and applying title case capitalization. In general, boldface indicates greater prominence, while italics are appropriate for subordinate headings.
Chapter Title
Section Heading
Tip: Both Google Docs and Microsoft Word allow you to create heading levels that help you to keep your headings consistent.
Tables and other illustrations (referred to as “figures”) should be placed as close to the relevant part of text as possible. MLA also provides guidelines for presenting them.
MLA format for tables
Tables are labeled and numbered, along with a descriptive title. The label and title are placed above the table on separate lines; the label and number appear in bold.
A caption providing information about the source appears below the table; you don’t need one if the table is your own work.
Below this, any explanatory notes appear, marked on the relevant part of the table with a superscript letter. The first line of each note is indented; your word processor should apply this formatting automatically.
Just like in the rest of the paper, the text is double spaced and you should use title case capitalization for the title (but not for the caption or notes).
MLA format for figures
Figures (any image included in your paper that isn’t a table) are also labeled and numbered, but here, this is integrated into the caption below the image. The caption in this case is also centered.
The label “Figure” is abbreviated to “Fig.” and followed by the figure number and a period. The rest of the caption gives either full source information, or (as in the example here) just basic descriptive information about the image (author, title, publication year).
Source information in table and figure captions
If the caption of your table or figure includes full source information and that source is not otherwise cited in the text, you don’t need to include it in your Works Cited list.
Give full source information in a caption in the same format as you would in the Works Cited list, but without inverting the author name (i.e. John Smith, not Smith, John).
MLA recommends using 12-point Times New Roman , since it’s easy to read and installed on every computer. Other standard fonts such as Arial or Georgia are also acceptable. If in doubt, check with your supervisor which font you should be using.
The main guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA style are as follows:
- Use an easily readable font like 12 pt Times New Roman
- Set 1 inch page margins
- Apply double line spacing
- Include a four-line MLA heading on the first page
- Center the paper’s title
- Indent every new paragraph ½ inch
- Use title case capitalization for headings
- Cite your sources with MLA in-text citations
- List all sources cited on a Works Cited page at the end
The fastest and most accurate way to create MLA citations is by using Scribbr’s MLA Citation Generator .
Search by book title, page URL, or journal DOI to automatically generate flawless citations, or cite manually using the simple citation forms.
The MLA Handbook is currently in its 9th edition , published in 2021.
This quick guide to MLA style explains the latest guidelines for citing sources and formatting papers according to MLA.
Usually, no title page is needed in an MLA paper . A header is generally included at the top of the first page instead. The exceptions are when:
- Your instructor requires one, or
- Your paper is a group project
In those cases, you should use a title page instead of a header, listing the same information but on a separate page.
Cite this Scribbr article
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.
Streefkerk, R. (2022, June 16). MLA Format | Complete Guidelines & Free Template. Scribbr. Retrieved March 6, 2023, from https://www.scribbr.com/mla/formatting/
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Learn How to Write a Research Paper in MLA Format with Samples
Published 04 Sep 2022
This guide will help you learn how to format and structure your research paper based on MLA format guidelines. We shall focus on general formatting guidelines and essential MLA research paper structure. Our guide will provide several helpful tips that will add to your writing confidence. Essentially, you will learn how to write a research paper in MLA format correctly.
What is MLA Formatting?
MLA stands for Modern Language Association and is currently in its 9th edition , which has been published in 2021. In simple terms, MLA style formatting is a special system of referencing and structuring research papers. The main purpose is to cite sources correctly and keep your research writing always accurate. By learning how to write a research paper in MLA format, you will be able to submit your college homework according to specified rules and will avoid confusion. You will also learn how to format and structure the list of bibliography references for a research or essay paper by using the Works Cited page. It is another essential aspect of MLA style format.
MLA style format aims to help your college professor and the target audience to navigate through your paper by turning to various in-text citations with an opportunity to see where information has been taken. Since MLA has specific standards, your academic advisor will check whether you have followed the rules and used the same format, font sizes, headers, and other aspects that make research writing universal. What is MLA format then? The MLA style is mostly used by college students majoring in English, Literature, social sciences, arts, and humanities. One can assume that MLA style format is one of the most accessible writing standards, which is why it is often required during an introductory course where students learn how to structure their papers and keep information properly referenced.
When you are looking for reliable sources online, it will be easy to recognize the use of MLA format because of the famous MLA header that is always included on the first page where you must mention your full name, instructor's name, your course, and the date. It is also necessary to use page formatting with your last name on each page, which also helps to determine that an MLA format has been used. We shall discuss this aspect further on as you proceed with our guide.
MLA Research Paper Format: General Guidelines
If you are already familiar with at least one other academic writing format, you will already know the basics and it will be easier for you to process the information in MLA style. The majority of formats of research paper writing stand for the general rules on how to structure your page layout and a list of rules regarding correct citation. The most important is to start with the MLA header, which will look this way:
Adam Greeley
Professor Smith
Humanities 7311
14 May 2022
This header is always placed at the top left corner of the first page (no title page is required in most cases!) with the page number and your name aligned to the top right of the page. It will look this way:
The other rules on how to write a MLA research paper include:
- The recommended fonts include Times New Roman, Arial, or Verdana in 12 pt size.
- All the margins of the page in MS Word or a similar processor should be set at 1 inch.
- The main content is double-spaced unless specified otherwise.
- The MLA header is included only on the first page of your research paper.
- The title of your work must be centered.
- Every new research paper paragraph should have a hanging indent.
- The MLA style uses the author-page citation pattern where you should list the author's last name with the page number.
- The Bibliography page has the "Works Cited" title at the top and center of the first page with your citations.
- The sources are listed alphabetically.
- Do not place a period after the title or headers.
- Do not underline words unless it’s necessary.
It is recommended to use the rules of inclusive language, according to the latest manual edition of the MLA style. It means that you must avoid certain terms that focus on ethnic peculiarities, religion, gender, disability, age, or social challenges unless it is absolutely necessary. You can also use words like "human-made" to specify gender-neutral aspects.
MLA Research Paper Structure: Essential Parts
One of the most important parts of writing a research paper successfully is following the correct structure that is specified by the chosen writing style. Here are the MLA research paper format parts that you should consider:
It should have your university's name on top of the page, then the title of your research paper at the center of the page, and at the bottom of the page: your name, course name, professor's name, and the paper's due date (all centered).
Section Headings
The main heading should include your name, instructor's name, relevant class information, and the paper's delivery date.
The other MLA page headings:
First Level Heading.
Your text
Second Level Heading.
Third Level Heading
Fourth Level Heading
Fifth Level Heading
Research Paper Outline
Title of the page (centered)
1. Introduction
- Talk about the importance of your subject.
- An interesting topic sentence.
2. Thesis Statement
3. Body Paragraphs
- Methodology.
- Research Justification.
- Research Findings.
4. Research Discussion
5. Conclusion
- Thesis explanation.
Introduction & Thesis
Talk about the importance of your research and use a strong thesis statement. Research paper MLA style guidebook recommends allocating about 10% of your final word count to this part.
This is where you must use in-text citations to support your arguments. Always introduce the subject that you want to explore, make a claim, and use citing only then to make it suitable.
In-text Citations
The classic in-text citation will look this way: According to Darren Smith, “certain peculiarities have been noticed in Shakespeare’s perception of time and death” (9). The majority of references to youth and the fragility help to understand how age has been limited by social circumstances (Smith 11).
Works Cited Page.
If you already know how to format your Bibliography, it is essential to look for complete information and provide as much as you can. If you are citing from a poetry book or an analysis paper that has been published:
Last Name, First Name of the author. "Title of your research paper." Title of Collection , edited by Editor's Name(s), Publisher, Year, page range of the data you have used.
Research paper MLA style Works Cited page example:
Stanley, Lace. "Shakespeare's Psychology." The Collected Classic English Poems, edited by John Langsley, Penguin Books, 2006, p.26.
Citing something from Jstor scientific database:
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title.” Title of Scientific Journal , vol. Volume, no. Issue, Month Year of publication, pp. Pages, https://doi.org/DOI, or any relevant identifier.
Enciso, Patricia, et al. “Children’s Literature: Standing in the Shadow of Adults.” Reading Research Quarterly , vol. 45, no. 2, 2010, pp. 252–63. JSTOR , http://www.jstor.org/stable/20697185. Accessed 20 Jun. 2022.
Regardless of whether you are using MLA format or would like to learn how to use different styles, your research paper should have an introduction, a review of the literature that you have used, the methodology that has been chosen, the results of your research, and a discussion of the findings. You may also be limited by an introduction with a thesis statement, body parts with the arguments, and the conclusion part where you talk about the findings. It will always depend on your subject and research paper type.
Research Paper in MLA Format Writing Tips
Contrary to the popular belief, research paper writing in MLA format is not too difficult if you know the basic rules. If you plan to learn how to write a research paper in APA format , you will feel even more confident because you will be able to differentiate the styles. As a way to help you with your research writing, we have collected these simple MLA formatting for research paper tips:
- Always start with the sources and check for Bibliography pages that may be included.
- Use only verified sources and look for databases like Google Scholar, Jstor, PubMed, etc.
- Always introduce your subject and talk about its importance.
- Do not overuse citations in your research paper.
Correct Research Paper Formatting Helps to Avoid Plagiarism
Numerous college students often ask about the purpose of correct research formatting, be it MLA, APA, Chicago, or any other format. In addition to structuring things according to academic standards, the most important aspect of staying accurate, as you research, is to provide correct structure and citations if you use any external sources. It will help you to prepare your writing for publishing purposes and let you avoid plagiarism issues. It is the main purpose of correct research paper formatting. This guide contains the main rules that provide a checklist that will help you stay safe and follow all the essential rules.
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Research Paper Outline MLA Format – 4+ Samples, Examples
The research business is no easy fit especially if you have no easier way of going about it. Most researchers, students, and scholars, in general, pull out of research due to the setbacks and obstacles that rear their ugly heads. Thanks to the research outline MLA format, work has been made a lot easier, fun and enjoyable. Its approach to the research theory is simply outstanding and has gained favor in the eyes of the majority.
How to Write A Research Paper Outline In MLA Format
MLA stands for Modern Language Association and assumes a specific writing style. Failure to which, it will be rendered an incompetent piece. First, an MLA research outline is regarded as a sensitive document and must be handled as such. First, your outline must have an attractive introduction, written in an informative fashion and must have a splendid flow.
Next part of ultimate focus should be in the body of your mla outline format . Since it carries the basic part of the entire outline, you need to do your research thoroughly. This will ensure that you don’t give false information concerning the topic of research.
Finally, conclude your MLA research by assuring your recipient of its positive outcome. The language you use will tell so much about whether the credibility of your outline is to be trusted or not.
Here are MLA Outlines to help you.
Table of Contents
Research Paper Outline MLA Format
Free Download
MLA Research Paper Outline PDF Format
Formal MLA Outline Format
MLA Outline PDF Example
Tips for writing an MLA research paper outline template
- Ensure that you do extensive research. For your outline to be branded credible by all means then you have to be conscious of your content. It will require you to make sacrifices but the end result is quite a rewarding experience.
- Include extra information. For your research paper outline to be informative and resourceful, you need to outsource information from all credible sites and include something new that no one has read about or heard of before.
- As its term suggests, be modern. Your outline has to flow in line with the modern times. This requires you to use the latest terms in the English language.
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MLA Format Sample Paper, with Cover Page and Outline
Here is a sample paper in MLA format that has both the cover page and the outline pages . This paper has 10 pages so if you are under a slow Internet connection, please wait a few seconds for all of the pages to load. This paper is current with the latest MLA manual.
MLA Format Sample Paper, Title Page
MLA Format Sample Paper, Outline Page 1
MLA Format Sample Paper, Outline Page 2
MLA Format Sample Paper, Page 1
MLA Format Sample Paper, Page 2
MLA Format Sample Paper, Page 3
MLA Format Sample Paper, Page 4
MLA Format Sample Paper, Page 5
MLA Format Sample Paper, Works Cited
MLA Format Sample Paper, End of Sample Paper.
– Diana Hacker (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2006).
Thank you, This will certainly help with assignments
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Concise and easy to understand example. Thank you for your effort.
I am an older student returning to college and this helped me so much.
I didn’t have a clue what this format was, now I do. Thank you for your help.
Thank you for this resource; I am teaching MLA formatting to high school students and this will help with the “Why do we have to do it this way?!” questions. I just update them on the 8th edition changes.
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thank you so much for your reference!
Thank you! I found your outline super helpful!
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thank yu its amazing helped me with assignments
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- How to Format the Research Paper
- MLA Format Cover Page
- MLA Format Headings
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- MLA Format Sample Paper
- MLA Sample Paper w/ Cover & Outline Pages
- MLA Format FAQs
- General Format of the APA Paper
- APA Format Title Page
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Research Paper MLA Style: Formatting Guidelines
08 Dec 2021
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❓What is MLA?
📑MLA format guidelines
✏️The MLA research paper structure
Writing academically accurate research works demands abidance to established MLA format rules of formatting texts. Each country and its institutes provide their own writing formats taking into account local specifications. But there are few internationally accepted formatting styles. One of the most recognizable is the MLA writing standard.
What is MLA?
It is an abbreviation for The Modern Language Association. The activity of this organization concentrates on popularizing teaching and studying of modern languages such as English. As for the practical significance of this association, it publishes The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers – a special guide for properly editing texts academically.
This manual is a desk book for each research writer in North America. The researchers that predominantly use it are in the field of humanities (literature, history, philosophy, and English studies). This fact makes this standard MLA format one of the most widely used writing standards.
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MLA formatting guidelines
Although this format is popular in the humanities-oriented writers` society, its demands concerning technical aspects of formatting texts are also widely used in other writing standards as well. The rules of formatting are familiar to academic writers:
- The margins are placed at 1 inch all around.
- The text is recommended to be typed using a common font such as Times New Roman. The font size is strictly 12 pt.
- Spacing implies two rules: double-space the text and single-space separation marks.
- The Indentation rule requires half-inch spacing from the left margin. A hint to use the Tab key to improve the time-management.
- Pagination means placing numbers of the pages to the upper-right corner of a created header. Usually, numbers are set from the first page successively to the last and Arabic numerals are used.
- If having endnotes in the text, they are to be written down separately from both the main body text, and works cited page.
- The last rule, which usually is the opening one, but today it`s unconsciously clear that text should be typed on a computer and printed according to standard 8.5" x 11" white paper.
MLA style insistently advises proofreading the text carefully in order to find and fix mistakes. As the style is formal, this quality assurance task is essential to demonstrate a professional format consistent with MLA standards.
It also gives some well-known but unforgettable advice such as usage of grammar and spell checking, double copying the file, and looking through the printed version in your word processor.
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The MLA research paper structure
While general technical recommendations of how to format academic text in this style are almost similar to other style`s framework, paper structure tangibly contrasts and has unique rules. This style is usable in the humanities environment because of the simplified demands which allow concentrating less on formatting but more on work. For detailed information read an article about MLA research paper outline .
While MLA formatting proposes to omit the title page, there still are rules of how to format the first page.
Starting from the upper-left corner of the main page, indicate your name, the next line identifies the name of your instructor, the next with the course and the last with the date.
The next line introduces the title of the paper. Make it centred. The title doesn't need special font markings or quotation marks and is advised to use standard capitalization.
Marking with fonts or quotation is only acceptable when the title cites other texts.
Numbering starts with the first page, and you have to create a header, which identifies the number of the page itself and your last name before the page number. The header format coincides with pagination rules described above.
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Section Headings
Section headings help writers organize the paper most appropriately. The section itself means dividing information into sections that gives more structure in both editing and perceiving information. The MLA standard has no strict rules of how to format section headings but advises to use Arabic numerals for numeration of each and to put the name of the heading after space. If a subheading is needed, number it by a coherent period (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc.) and place it directly below the main heading.
Body format
As it is left to the discretion of the writers, MLA formatting doesn`t have any requirements for the body of the text. It considers the long-established rule of the essay structure, which recommends writing three body paragraphs along the paper to support the idea of the research, but it is not mandatory. You may use five, seven or even a single paragraph, but keep in mind, that a paper should have an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.
Text citation
Rules of quoting and citation are the most valuable rules in the framework of MLA research paper guidelines. The question of academic honesty is acute and accurate citation becomes the most important thing in how to write research papers.
The rules of an in-text citation are used in the form of parenthesis. Meaning, putting the authorship in the parenthesis after every quote that implies citing. The data used in this parenthesis should coincide with the bibliography section.
The form of citation also differs from other writing styles. Quotes shouldn`t be marked with a quotation mark, but rather with parenthesis that includes the number of the page of the work the quote is derived from and the author`s last name.
The works cited page, or bibliography is necessary to present at the end of the work. It includes all external sources to which the writer refers. This list not only shows which literature the writer used while writing the paper but also confirms the credibility of the citation.
MLA formatting shows itself as a convenient way of formatting research papers that allows the writer to write, but not to dwell too much on formatting. Starting with the absence of the title page and finishing with font types and margins, the writer appreciates the style he chooses.
Since this format style is used preferably in humanities, citation rules are more demanding, but today it is vital to cite accurately. Keep in mind that formatting style helps to write academically accurate papers and concentrate on the information, but the idea of the research could be supported only by the writer.
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How to Make an Outline for Research Paper: Detailed Guide
Are you struggling to write a research paper outlines? Don't worry - we're here to help. In this blog post, we'll give you a step-by-step guide to creating an outline for your essay. We'll also provide some tips and examples to help you start writing. So what are you waiting for? Let's get started!
However, if you have no time or desire to work on a paper, our online essay writers can create the best outline for a research paper. Find out more about our research paper help .
Goals and Benefits of a Research Paper Outline
When beginning any academic paper, it is important to have a clear understanding of what the finished product should look like. The same is true when starting to plan and write an outline for an essay. This guide will detail what an outline for an essay is, how to create one, and tips on how make it useful in the scientific paper.
What is an outline and why does it matter? A research paper outline is a plan written by the author to avoid stucking in the middle of the process. Call it an action plan. This part reveals the primary ideas of the study. Once you are done with the list of research paper topics to explore, it is necessary to dedicate some time to the outline development before you begin writing.
What is the difference between learning how to write a research paper outline and how to make a table of contents for research papers? Well, an outline is not that detailed, and there is no need to put numbers of pages next to each section. An outline allows the amalgamation and review of the study. A writer will not repeat their words; he will stick to the logical flow with the help of an outline. Also be sure to learn how to cite a research paper .
The assignment's prompt may not say to write an outline. However, if a project is more than 1000 words in length , a professor utilizes a research paper outline by default. For example, a 5-paragraph essay requires an outline. It will not be possible to develop a 10,000-word coursework or dissertation without having a plan. An outline structure depends on the type of academic assignment and its format.
A paper outline also has a goal – to help keep the writer on track while writing and ensure that all key points are included. To achieve this goal, the following elements are typically included in an essay outline: thesis, main ideas, and supporting evidence/details in the body paragraph. The thesis statement is usually placed at the end of the introductory paragraph and provides a brief overview of what will be discussed in the essay body paragraphs. Each topic sentence corresponds with a main point that supports the thesis statement and introduces the evidence/details and supporting topics that will be used to further explain this point.
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How to Format a Paper Outline
There are various ways to format an essay outline, but one common method is listing Roman numerals for each main point followed by capital letters for sub-points and Arabic numerals and lowercase letters for sub-sub-points (e.g., I. A. 1.). No matter which format you choose, there are a few essential tips to keep in mind when writing your outline:
- Be sure to include all required elements (e.g., thesis, topic sentences, etc.).
- Keep your language concise yet clear – avoid using too much jargon or technical language that could lose your reader’s attention.
Make sure everything flows smoothly from one point to the next – logical order and transitions will help ensure your argument makes sense overall.
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MLA Research Paper Outline
MLA is the easiest and most frequently met research paper format, so we should start explaining how to write an outline for a research paper on this example. The Modern Language Association proposed this guide a long time ago. It is used to cite works by the students and professionals from the following fields:
- Comparative literary analysis
- Cultural studies
- History & Anthropology
- English Composition
- Foreign language & literature
- Literary criticism
Use MLA outline when working on the papers from these fields. Start with the primary headings (“Intro” and “Method”) using the upper-case Roman numerals. If the paper is long, with many different subsections, the student should use letters and numbers for the various levels of subheadings.
In a draft of a paper outline, arrange the things in the proper order. Do not go into details until starting the final version of the research paper outline. This part defines how the writer will come up with other integral parts (example: Literature Review).
Here are some tips on how to write a great MLA research paper outline:
- Start with a catchy introduction Your introduction should make your readers want to read more. Try to start with something interesting or provocative, such as a quote or an anecdote.
- Make sure your main argument is clear and concise Your main idea should be the main point of your essay. It should be arguable, and it should be clear what evidence you will use to support it. Be sure to include your thesis in your outline so that you don't forget it when you're writing your final paper.
- Organize your ideas clearly Each section of your paper outline should have a clear purpose, and each point should support your main idea. Make sure that each section flows logically into the next one. If you get stuck, try using a mind map or other brainstorming tool to organize your ideas before you start writing your outline. The main idea should be kept through the whole text.
- Use specific examples and evidence to support your points Specific examples and evidence will make your essay more convincing. Be sure to make an additional research and include detailed information so that your reader can understand what you're trying to say. But don't include so much detail that your essay becomes bogged down in minutiae. Complete additional research to add the relevant information.
- Make sure everything ties together logically When you're finished writing your outline, check to make sure that everything ties together logically. All the ideas should flow smoothly into the next one, and the overall structure of your essay should make sense. If something doesn't seem quite right, go back and revise your outline until it feels right
Need more info? Check our full guide - HOW TO CITE A RESEARCH PAPER USING MLA FORMAT
Mastering APA Research Paper Outline
An APA is a most frequently used format when it comes to writing a research paper, and it is more complicated than MLA. The American Psychological Association has established it. Students and professionals use APA essay format in these fields:
- Social sciences
- Healthcare & nursing
The representatives of other fields apply APA paper format from time to time too. We have prepared a tasty infographic with an APA outline example, which is based on the 6th edition of the manual.
Let’s view that structure in details.
A Detailed Outline
There are several critical elements you should consider in your research paper:
It is the opening section to introduce the major details. The length of the recommended title is 60 characters. On the whole, do not miss this information in the title page:
- Your full name
- Professor’s name
- Peers who took part in the investigation (if any)
- Submission date
A summary is an integral part of the research paper. In college, they call it an abstract. The length of such text should not exceed 250-300 words (1/3 of an A4 page), and a student should include the basic findings, their significance, and a brief conclusion.
Experts recommend painstaking the entire research into the investigation’s background. Try to explain why the chosen problem is necessary to analyze and discuss. Mention the results you expected to obtain during the working process, and state a hypothesis that should enclose the introduction (it would be the thesis). Also, don’t forget to mention the thesis statement or the topic of your research.
List the tools, equipment, & techniques used to carry out a study. This section should make it possible to replicate the investigation step-by-step. The goal of the section is to allow other scientists interested in the same research question to continue the investigation.
In most cases, master paper writers combine results and discussion in one huge section. They are interrelated. Start with sharing the findings of the study. Go on interpreting the meaning of the results for the society and provide a short synopsis of the main components: figures and statistical examinations. While adding any visual elements for understanding (graphs, images, etc.), place the numbers next to each of them to provide details in the last section — Appendix.
In the Conclusion part, it is necessary to include:
- A summary of the results
- Paraphrased thesis statement
- Value of the research paper
- Ways to implement the findings
- Some forecasts
Based on the chosen paper format, develop a full list of references. Each time you cite something, write the source’s details on a separate piece of paper. It will speed up the process at the end. Don't forget to read about expository essay and how to write it correctly.
Things to Remember
- An outline is like an action plan which guides you through the writing process.
- You need to write an outline if your assignment is more than 1000 words in lenght.
- Basically, the outline contains three main sections: the Introduction, the Body and the Conclusion.
- The outline format depends on the type of academic assignment (MLA, APA).
- Before developing a research paper outline, read the latest version of the manual according to the chosen format of the research paper.
Research Paper Outline Example
Also, check free research paper outline template example: Developing an Attention-Grabbing Resume! The example is written according to APA writing style guidelines - the rules of the game maybe be different for other formats.
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14.1: Formatting a Research Paper
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Learning Objectives
- Identify the major components of a research paper written using American Psychological Association (APA) style.
- Apply general APA style and formatting conventions in a research paper.
In this chapter, you will learn how to use APA style, the documentation and formatting style followed by the American Psychological Association, as well as MLA style, from the Modern Language Association. There are a few major formatting styles used in academic texts, including AMA, Chicago, and Turabian:
- AMA (American Medical Association) for medicine, health, and biological sciences
- APA (American Psychological Association) for education, psychology, and the social sciences
- Chicago—a common style used in everyday publications like magazines, newspapers, and books
- MLA (Modern Language Association) for English, literature, arts, and humanities
- Turabian—another common style designed for its universal application across all subjects and disciplines
While all the formatting and citation styles have their own use and applications, in this chapter we focus our attention on the two styles you are most likely to use in your academic studies: APA and MLA.
If you find that the rules of proper source documentation are difficult to keep straight, you are not alone. Writing a good research paper is, in and of itself, a major intellectual challenge. Having to follow detailed citation and formatting guidelines as well may seem like just one more task to add to an already-too-long list of requirements.
Following these guidelines, however, serves several important purposes. First, it signals to your readers that your paper should be taken seriously as a student’s contribution to a given academic or professional field; it is the literary equivalent of wearing a tailored suit to a job interview. Second, it shows that you respect other people’s work enough to give them proper credit for it. Finally, it helps your reader find additional materials if he or she wishes to learn more about your topic.
Furthermore, producing a letter-perfect APA-style paper need not be burdensome. Yes, it requires careful attention to detail. However, you can simplify the process if you keep these broad guidelines in mind:
- Work ahead whenever you can. Chapter 11 includes tips for keeping track of your sources early in the research process, which will save time later on.
- Get it right the first time. Apply APA guidelines as you write, so you will not have much to correct during the editing stage. Again, putting in a little extra time early on can save time later.
- Use the resources available to you. In addition to the guidelines provided in this chapter, you may wish to consult the APA website at http://www.apa.org or the Purdue University Online Writing lab at http://owl.english.purdue.edu , which regularly updates its online style guidelines.
General Formatting Guidelines
This chapter provides detailed guidelines for using the citation and formatting conventions developed by the American Psychological Association, or APA. Writers in disciplines as diverse as astrophysics, biology, psychology, and education follow APA style. The major components of a paper written in APA style are listed in the following box.
These are the major components of an APA-style paper:
- Headings and, if necessary, subheadings to organize the content
- In-text citations of research sources
- References page
All these components must be saved in one document, not as separate documents.
The title page of your paper includes the following information:
- Title of the paper
- Author’s name
- Name of the institution with which the author is affiliated
- Header at the top of the page with the paper title (in capital letters) and the page number (If the title is lengthy, you may use a shortened form of it in the header.)
List the first three elements in the order given in the previous list, centered about one third of the way down from the top of the page. Use the headers and footers tool of your word-processing program to add the header, with the title text at the left and the page number in the upper-right corner. Your title page should look like the following example.
The next page of your paper provides an abstract, or brief summary of your findings. An abstract does not need to be provided in every paper, but an abstract should be used in papers that include a hypothesis. A good abstract is concise—about one hundred to one hundred fifty words—and is written in an objective, impersonal style. Your writing voice will not be as apparent here as in the body of your paper. When writing the abstract, take a just-the-facts approach, and summarize your research question and your findings in a few sentences.
In Chapter 12, you read a paper written by a student named Jorge, who researched the effectiveness of low-carbohydrate diets. Read Jorge’s abstract. Note how it sums up the major ideas in his paper without going into excessive detail.
Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\)
Write an abstract summarizing your paper. Briefly introduce the topic, state your findings, and sum up what conclusions you can draw from your research. Use the word count feature of your word-processing program to make sure your abstract does not exceed one hundred fifty words.
Depending on your field of study, you may sometimes write research papers that present extensive primary research, such as your own experiment or survey. In your abstract, summarize your research question and your findings, and briefly indicate how your study relates to prior research in the field.
Margins, Pagination, and Headings
APA style requirements also address specific formatting concerns, such as margins, pagination, and heading styles, within the body of the paper. Review the following APA guidelines.
Use these general guidelines to format the paper:
- Set the top, bottom, and side margins of your paper at 1 inch.
- Use double-spaced text throughout your paper.
- Use a standard font, such as Times New Roman or Arial, in a legible size (10- to 12-point).
- Use continuous pagination throughout the paper, including the title page and the references section. Page numbers appear flush right within your header.
- Section headings and subsection headings within the body of your paper use different types of formatting depending on the level of information you are presenting. Additional details from Jorge’s paper are provided.
Exercise \(\PageIndex{2}\)
Begin formatting the final draft of your paper according to APA guidelines. You may work with an existing document or set up a new document if you choose. Include the following:
- Your title page
- The abstract you created in Exercise 1
- Correct headers and page numbers for your title page and abstract
APA style uses section headings to organize information, making it easy for the reader to follow the writer’s train of thought and to know immediately what major topics are covered. Depending on the length and complexity of the paper, its major sections may also be divided into subsections, sub-subsections, and so on. These smaller sections, in turn, use different heading styles to indicate different levels of information. In essence, you are using headings to create a hierarchy of information.
The following heading styles used in APA formatting are listed in order of greatest to least importance:
- Section headings use centered, boldface type. Headings use title case, with important words in the heading capitalized.
- Subsection headings use left-aligned, boldface type. Headings use title case.
- The third level uses left-aligned, indented, boldface type. Headings use a capital letter only for the first word, and they end in a period.
- The fourth level follows the same style used for the previous level, but the headings are boldfaced and italicized.
- The fifth level follows the same style used for the previous level, but the headings are italicized and not boldfaced.
Visually, the hierarchy of information is organized as indicated in Table 13.1 “Section Headings”.
A college research paper may not use all the heading levels shown in Table 13.1 “Section Headings”, but you are likely to encounter them in academic journal articles that use APA style. For a brief paper, you may find that level 1 headings suffice. Longer or more complex papers may need level 2 headings or other lower-level headings to organize information clearly. Use your outline to craft your major section headings and determine whether any subtopics are substantial enough to require additional levels of headings.
Exercise \(\PageIndex{3}\)
Working with the document you developed in Note 13.11 “Exercise 2”, begin setting up the heading structure of the final draft of your research paper according to APA guidelines. Include your title and at least two to three major section headings, and follow the formatting guidelines provided above. If your major sections should be broken into subsections, add those headings as well. Use your outline to help you.
Because Jorge used only level 1 headings, his Exercise 3 would look like the following:
Citation Guidelines
In-text citations.
Throughout the body of your paper, include a citation whenever you quote or paraphrase material from your research sources. As you learned in Chapter 11, the purpose of citations is twofold: to give credit to others for their ideas and to allow your reader to follow up and learn more about the topic if desired. Your in-text citations provide basic information about your source; each source you cite will have a longer entry in the references section that provides more detailed information.
In-text citations must provide the name of the author or authors and the year the source was published. (When a given source does not list an individual author, you may provide the source title or the name of the organization that published the material instead.) When directly quoting a source, it is also required that you include the page number where the quote appears in your citation.
This information may be included within the sentence or in a parenthetical reference at the end of the sentence, as in these examples.
Epstein (2010) points out that “junk food cannot be considered addictive in the same way that we think of psychoactive drugs as addictive” (p. 137).
Here, the writer names the source author when introducing the quote and provides the publication date in parentheses after the author’s name. The page number appears in parentheses after the closing quotation marks and before the period that ends the sentence.
Addiction researchers caution that “junk food cannot be considered addictive in the same way that we think of psychoactive drugs as addictive” (Epstein, 2010, p. 137).
Here, the writer provides a parenthetical citation at the end of the sentence that includes the author’s name, the year of publication, and the page number separated by commas. Again, the parenthetical citation is placed after the closing quotation marks and before the period at the end of the sentence.
As noted in the book Junk Food, Junk Science (Epstein, 2010, p. 137), “junk food cannot be considered addictive in the same way that we think of psychoactive drugs as addictive.”
Here, the writer chose to mention the source title in the sentence (an optional piece of information to include) and followed the title with a parenthetical citation. Note that the parenthetical citation is placed before the comma that signals the end of the introductory phrase.
David Epstein’s book Junk Food, Junk Science (2010) pointed out that “junk food cannot be considered addictive in the same way that we think of psychoactive drugs as addictive” (p. 137).
Another variation is to introduce the author and the source title in your sentence and include the publication date and page number in parentheses within the sentence or at the end of the sentence. As long as you have included the essential information, you can choose the option that works best for that particular sentence and source.
Citing a book with a single author is usually a straightforward task. Of course, your research may require that you cite many other types of sources, such as books or articles with more than one author or sources with no individual author listed. You may also need to cite sources available in both print and online and nonprint sources, such as websites and personal interviews. Section 13.2 and Section 13.3 provide extensive guidelines for citing a variety of source types.
writing at work
APA is just one of several different styles with its own guidelines for documentation, formatting, and language usage. Depending on your field of interest, you may be exposed to additional styles, such as the following:
- MLA style. Determined by the Modern Languages Association and used for papers in literature, languages, and other disciplines in the humanities.
- Chicago style. Outlined in the Chicago Manual of Style and sometimes used for papers in the humanities and the sciences; many professional organizations use this style for publications as well.
- Associated Press (AP) style. Used by professional journalists.
References List
The brief citations included in the body of your paper correspond to the more detailed citations provided at the end of the paper in the references section. In-text citations provide basic information—the author’s name, the publication date, and the page number if necessary—while the references section provides more extensive bibliographical information. Again, this information allows your reader to follow up on the sources you cited and do additional reading about the topic if desired.
The specific format of entries in the list of references varies slightly for different source types, but the entries generally include the following information:
- The name(s) of the author(s) or institution that wrote the source
- The year of publication and, where applicable, the exact date of publication
- The full title of the source
- For books, the city of publication
- For articles or essays, the name of the periodical or book in which the article or essay appears
- For magazine and journal articles, the volume number, issue number, and pages where the article appears
- For sources on the web, the URL where the source is located
The references page is double spaced and lists entries in alphabetical order by the author’s last name. If an entry continues for more than one line, the second line and each subsequent line are indented five spaces. Review the following example. (Section 13.3 provides extensive guidelines for formatting reference entries for different types of sources.)
In APA style, book and article titles are formatted in sentence case, not title case. Sentence case means that only the first word is capitalized, along with any proper nouns.
Key Takeaways
- Following proper citation and formatting guidelines helps writers ensure that their work will be taken seriously, give proper credit to other authors for their work, and provide valuable information to readers.
- Working ahead and taking care to cite sources correctly the first time are ways writers can save time during the editing stage of writing a research paper.
- APA papers usually include an abstract that concisely summarizes the paper.
- APA papers use a specific headings structure to provide a clear hierarchy of information.
- In APA papers, in-text citations usually include the name(s) of the author(s) and the year of publication.
- In-text citations correspond to entries in the references section, which provide detailed bibliographical information about a source.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) Call for Papers | Open Access | Double Blind Peer Reviewed
ISSN: 2319-7064
What is the Correct Template / Format to Write a Research Paper?
Here's a basic template that you can use to structure your research paper:
- Title page: This should include the title of your paper, your name, the date, and any other relevant information such as your institutional affiliation or course number. Learn, How to select an effective Title for Research Paper?
- Abstract: This is a brief summary of your paper, typically no more than 250 words. It should outline your research question or thesis, the methods you used to conduct your research, and the main findings or conclusions of your study. Learn, How to Write a Good Abstract?
- Keywords: Five important Keywords that highly represent your research content. Learn, How to choose effective Keywords for a Research Paper?
- Introduction: In this section, you should introduce your research question or thesis, provide some background information on the topic, and explain the significance of your study. You should also give an overview of the methods you used to conduct your research and any limitations or potential biases that may have affected your results.
- Literature review: This section should summarize and analyze the existing literature on your topic. You should identify key themes and debates in the literature, discuss any gaps or limitations in the research, and explain how your study will contribute to the field.
- Methods: In this section, you should describe the methods you used to conduct your research, including the participants or sample, the procedures you followed, and any measures or instruments you used to collect data. You should also discuss any ethical considerations or limitations that may have affected your study.
- Results: This section should present your main findings or results. You should use tables, charts, or graphs to present your data in a clear and concise manner.
- Discussion: In this section, you should interpret your results and explain their significance. You should relate your findings back to your research question or thesis, discuss any limitations or potential biases that may have affected your results, and suggest directions for future research.
- Conclusion: In this section, you should summarize your main findings and conclusions, and explain the broader implications of your study for the field.
- References: This is a list of all the sources you cited in your paper. You should follow a specific citation style, such as APA or MLA , and make sure to include all the necessary information for each source.
- Appendices: This is an optional section where you can include any additional materials or information that may be useful to your readers, such as raw data or detailed descriptions of your methods.
How to select an effective Title for Research Paper?
Choosing an effective title for a research paper is crucial because it helps readers to quickly understand what the paper is about, and it can also impact the visibility of your paper. Here are some tips to help you select an effective title:
- Be clear and concise: Your title should clearly and accurately reflect the content of your paper. It should be concise, ideally no more than 15 words.
- Use keywords: Use keywords in your title that accurately describe the content of your paper. This will make it easier for readers to find your paper when searching for related topics.
- Be specific: Your title should accurately reflect the scope of your paper. Avoid using broad or vague titles that don't convey specific information about the paper.
- Be engaging: A good title should capture the reader's attention and make them want to read more. Use interesting and descriptive language that is relevant to your paper.
- Consider your audience: Think about who your intended audience is and what they might be searching for. Use language and terminology that is appropriate for your audience.
- Don't use abbreviations: Avoid using abbreviations or acronyms in your title unless they are well-known and widely understood.
- Check for accuracy: Before finalizing your title, make sure it accurately reflects the content of your paper. Avoid making any false or misleading claims.
Remember that your title is the first thing readers will see, so it's important to make it clear, concise, and engaging. By following these tips, you can select an effective title that accurately represents your research paper.
How to Write a Good Abstract?
Writing an abstract for a research paper can be a challenging task as it is a concise summary of the research paper that should provide the reader with a clear understanding of the research conducted, the main findings, and their significance. Here are some steps to help you write an effective abstract:
- Understand the purpose of an abstract: The purpose of an abstract is to provide a brief overview of the research paper so that readers can quickly determine whether the paper is relevant to their interests. It should be concise, accurate, and self-contained.
- Identify the key components: An abstract typically includes the research problem, methods used, key findings, and conclusions. Identify these key components in your research paper and make sure they are included in your abstract.
- Write in a clear and concise manner: Your abstract should be written in a clear and concise manner. Avoid using jargon, technical terms, and acronyms that might not be familiar to the reader. Use simple and straightforward language to convey your message.
- Focus on the main findings: Your abstract should focus on the main findings of your research paper. Highlight the key results and conclusions that you have drawn from your research.
- Use the appropriate format: Depending on the requirements of your discipline, your abstract may need to follow a specific format. Make sure you follow the guidelines for your discipline.
- Revise and edit: Once you have written your abstract, review it carefully to ensure that it accurately reflects the content of your research paper. Revise and edit your abstract as needed to ensure that it is clear, concise, and effective.
Remember, the abstract is often the first thing that a reader will see, so it should be well-written and compelling. It should provide a clear and concise overview of your research paper that captures the reader's attention and motivates them to read on.
How to choose effective Keywords for a Research Paper?
Choosing effective keywords for a research paper is an essential step in the process of making your paper discoverable to other researchers and academics in your field. Here are some tips on how to choose effective keywords for your research paper:
- Brainstorm relevant terms: Start by brainstorming a list of terms that are relevant to your research topic. These may include key concepts, themes, theories, methodologies, and so on. Think about how you would describe your research to someone who is unfamiliar with your field.
- Use synonyms and related terms: Once you have a list of relevant terms, try using synonyms and related terms. This can help to broaden the scope of your keywords and capture a wider range of search queries. For example, if your research is about renewable energy, you might also include terms like "sustainable energy," "green energy," and "clean energy."
- Use specific terms: Use specific and precise terms that accurately reflect the content of your paper. Avoid vague or general terms that may not provide enough information about your research. For example, instead of using the term "technology," you might use more specific terms like "artificial intelligence" or "machine learning."
- Consult relevant databases: Check the databases and search engines relevant to your field to see what keywords are commonly used in your area of research. This can help you to identify common terms and phrases that other researchers are using to describe similar topics.
- Test your keywords: Once you have a list of potential keywords, test them by searching for them in relevant databases and search engines. This can help you to identify any gaps in your list and refine your keywords further.
Overall, the key to choosing effective keywords is to use terms that accurately reflect the content of your paper and are commonly used in your field of research. By doing so, you can increase the discoverability of your research and make it easier for other researchers to find and cite your work.
What is APA citation style?
APA (American Psychological Association) citation style is a standardized method of referencing sources in academic writing. It is widely used in the social sciences, including psychology, sociology, education, and business. The purpose of APA citation style is to provide readers with information about the sources cited in a paper, so they can locate the original material if they wish to read it themselves.
APA citation style requires in-text citations, which are brief references to sources within the body of the paper, and a list of references at the end of the paper that provides detailed information about each source cited. In-text citations include the author's last name and the year of publication, while the reference list includes the author's name, the year of publication, the title of the work, and publication information, such as the publisher and place of publication.
APA citation style also includes guidelines for formatting papers, including margins, font size, spacing, and headings. These guidelines help ensure consistency and readability in academic writing.
Here's an example of a book citation in APA style:
- Author: Lee, K. J., Kim, S. H., & Park, J. H.
- Year of publication: 2018
- Title of article: The Effects of Exercise on Depression in Elderly Korean Women: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
- Title of Journal: International Journal of Nursing Studies
- Page range: 33-41
- DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.08.012
- Author: Smith, John
Citation: Lee, K. J., Kim, S. H., & Park, J. H. (2018). The Effects of Exercise on Depression in Elderly Korean Women: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 87, 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.08.012
What is MLA citation style?
The MLA citation style is a set of guidelines developed by the Modern Language Association (MLA) for documenting sources used in academic writing. It is commonly used in the humanities, including fields such as literature, language studies, and cultural studies.
The MLA style provides guidelines for formatting in-text citations and works cited lists. In-text citations typically include the author's last name and page number(s) of the source used, while the works cited list includes full bibliographic information for each source cited in the paper.
The MLA citation style also includes guidelines for formatting the overall document, including margins, font size and style, spacing, and heading styles. The most recent version of the MLA Handbook is the 8th edition, which was released in 2016.
Here's an example of a book citation in MLA style:
- Title: The Theory of Everything
- Publisher: Random House
- Publication Date: 2010
Citation: Smith, John. The Theory of Everything. Random House, 2010.
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Formatting Your Research Project
To learn how to set up your research project in MLA format, visit our free sample chapter on MLA Handbook Plus , the only authorized subscription-based digital resource featuring the MLA Handbook, available for unlimited simultaneous users at subscribing institutions.
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Easy Guide on MLA Research Essay Outlines
Table of contents.
Academic life is full of challenges that are meant to cultivate our skills and character. Research papers and essays are among the challenges that test a student’s patience and dedication. This is mostly because of the work and thought required to accomplish them.
Fortunately, we are not without tools. Outlines are one of the ways to simplify any writing task. If you want to learn how to write an MLA research essay outline , you’re in the right place.
What is an Essay Outline?
An essay outline is an overview of all topics relevant to your essay. An outline gives writers a clear view of how each topic relates to the other and shows the flow of your ideas. It is an organizational technique common among all writers across all writing styles.
It is particularly useful for research papers, given the scope and depth of the topics they usually cover. Understanding the importance of research outlines is essential to creating quality work.
The Importance of Essay Outlines
Outlines are important for all forms of writing because they allow writers to frame their words to suit the flow of their topics . It allows them to keep the essence of their topics in mind, allowing them to set up different sections to accommodate their ideas.
The seamless transition between topics is essential for a coherent piece, and it’s a simple but effective way to keep readers engaged.
Outlines go a long way in simplifying research papers. If you’re working on an MLA research essay, an outline should be your first priority. The need for an outline only increases with the complexity of topics.
How to Write an MLA Research Essay Outline
Writing a research outline isn’t as difficult as it initially seems. Research essays share the same basic components of any essay type with a few additions. Below is a simple MLA research essay outline sample you can use as the basis for your own:
I. Introduction:
- Introductory Sentence
- Transition Sentence to Thesis
II. Thesis:
- Description of the Paper
- First Argument
- Second Argument
- Third Argument
III. Body Paragraph 1:
- Explanation
- Transition Sentence
IV. Body Paragraph 2:
V. Body Paragraph 3:
- Transition Sentence:
VI. Conclusion:
- Summary of the Paper:
- Conclusive Sentence:
VII. Citation:
Don’t forget to retain MLA formatting standards. Transition sentences ensure a smooth transition from one topic to another.
Take note that your outline should also include a brief explanation of your paragraph and supporting sentences. You don’t always have to write full sentences in your outline, but this is imperative when working with a group.
Outlines are the key to a well-written essay because they help writers organize their thoughts . Outlines improve all forms of writing, not just in terms of logical flow but also in overall quality. By spending less time thinking about how one topic relates to another, writers have more time to focus on the finer aspects of writing.
Never overlook the importance of a good research paper outline, especially when working on lengthy assignments and complex topics. Frame your words well, and present your ideas in a sequence that allows one topic to prepare readers for the next. Good luck, writer!
Abir Ghenaiet
Abir is a data analyst and researcher. Among her interests are artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing. As a humanitarian and educator, she actively supports women in tech and promotes diversity.
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Apa research paper outline, how to write a research paper outline in 7 steps,more templates like this.
WebMaking an APA outline is the first thing to do in creating a structure on what will be written in the paper and how it is written. There is a grammatical format that you have to follow while writing your paper to make it sound WebCrucially, citation practices do not differ between the two styles of paper. However, for your convenience, we have provided two versions of our APA 7 sample paper below: one in WebAlthough published articles differ in format from manuscripts submitted for publication or student papers (e.g., different line spacing, font, margins, and column format), articles WebAPA style paper APA style paper Writing a research or term paper that needs to be in APA format? Use this APA-style report template to get started, with styles formatted to Webapa research paper outline template beginning on the next page is an outline template (in microsoft word format), which is filled in with sample to show you DismissTry Ask an ... read more
Food and nutrition. Fun and games. Health and fitness. Home learning. Papers and reports. Photo albums. Planners and trackers. Profit and loss. Resumes and cover letters. Social media. APA style paper Writing a research or term paper that needs to be in APA format? Word Download Open in browser. Modern paper. Book report. Academic Calendar with photos. General report. Record-holder scoring average. Regular season Playoffs Eighteen NBA All-Star Game selections. LeBron James Family Foundation. Full-sentence research paper outlines have the same organization as alphanumeric outlines—with main topics listed as Roman numerals, subtopics as capital letters, subtopic points as Arabic numerals, and details for each point as lowercase letters.
However, the significant difference is that you would write the information in incomplete sentences instead of quick blurbs. The advantage is that your outline is more specific and easier to share with colleagues when working as a team. The disadvantage is that it takes a little longer to write. Michael Jordan is often considered the greatest basketball player of all time. During his career, Jordan won six NBA Championships. Jordan was named NBA Finals MVP all six times he was eligible. Jordan twice played for the US Olympics Basketball Team. Jordan was selected to play in the NBA All-Star Game fourteen times.
Jordan won the NBA All-Star Game MVP Award three times. Jordan still holds a couple of significant records in the NBA. Jordan holds the record for the highest average of points per game during the regular season Jordan also holds the record for the highest average of points per game in the playoffs Jordan has notable success even when not playing basketball. Jordan starred in the original film Space Jam. Today, Jordan owns the Charlotte Hornets. During his career, James won four NBA Championships. James was named NBA Finals MVP all four times he was eligible. Like Jordan, James twice played for the US Olympics Basketball Team. James won the gold medal as part of the US basketball team. James won the gold medal again in James was selected to play in the NBA All-Star Game eighteen times.
James won the NBA All-Star Game MVP Award three times. James has a rich life outside of basketball as well. More than Jordan, James is known for his philanthropic work. James started the LeBron James Family Foundation charity. James fearlessly took public stances on controversial social issues. Aside from charity, James has a few other distinctions from his lifetime. James starred in the Space Jam remake. Of course, Michael Jordan is better. Decimal research paper outlines forgo the alphanumeric system and instead use a system of numbers with increasing decimal points—with main topics listed as whole numbers 1 or 1. Each new piece of information uses the subsequent number 1. You would write the content for each line in quick blurbs, just like the original alphanumeric formal.
Decimal research paper outlines are the most thorough but can get complicated. Your outline is not the first step in writing a research paper. Before that, you first need to choose a thesis and then gather primary and secondary sources to back it up. Your thesis is essentially what the research paper is about. Collect all the relevant sources and data early on so that you know what to write about. For help on how to cite your sources, use our free Citation Generator. Keep in mind that the outline is just one part of writing a research paper.
Writing a research or term paper that needs to be in APA format? Use this APA-style report template to get started, with styles formatted to match APA guidelines and sample content to show how it all goes together. This APA sample paper template will help you finish your APA formatted paper with ease. This is an accessible template. Address books. All holidays. Animation and 3D. Back to school. Bids and quotes. Blank and general. Business cards. Business plans. College tools. Family activities. Fax covers. Financial management. Food and nutrition. Fun and games. Health and fitness. Home learning. Papers and reports. Photo albums. Planners and trackers. Profit and loss. Resumes and cover letters. Social media. APA style paper Writing a research or term paper that needs to be in APA format?
Word Download Open in browser. Modern paper. Book report. Academic Calendar with photos. General report. Address books Agendas All holidays Animation and 3D Announcements Autumn Baby Back to school Bids and quotes Birthday Blank and general Brochures Budgets Business Business cards Business plans Calendars Cards Certificates Charts Christmas College tools Congratulations Decoration Diagrams Education Envelopes Family activities Fax covers Financial management Flyers Food and nutrition Fun and games Graduation Health and fitness Home learning Infographics Inventories Invitations Invoices Itineraries Labels Learning Letters Lists Logs Maps Memos Menus Minutes Newsletters Papers and reports Payrolls Photo albums Planners and trackers Posters Presentations Profit and loss Programs Publishing Receipts Resumes and cover letters Schedules Social media Spring Summer Surveys Themes Timelines Training Wedding Winter Writing.
APA Research Paper Outline: Examples and Template,Research paper outline example
WebAPA style paper APA style paper Writing a research or term paper that needs to be in APA format? Use this APA-style report template to get started, with styles formatted to Webapa research paper outline template beginning on the next page is an outline template (in microsoft word format), which is filled in with sample to show you DismissTry Ask an WebDec 4, · A research paper outline is a skeleton or blueprint of a research paper, enlisting the potential contents of different parts of the research paper that you are to WebCrucially, citation practices do not differ between the two styles of paper. However, for your convenience, we have provided two versions of our APA 7 sample paper below: one in WebAlthough published articles differ in format from manuscripts submitted for publication or student papers (e.g., different line spacing, font, margins, and column format), articles WebMaking an APA outline is the first thing to do in creating a structure on what will be written in the paper and how it is written. There is a grammatical format that you have to follow while writing your paper to make it sound ... read more
In addition to following the basic rules for APA format writing , there are also specific guidelines for using headings and subheadings you will want to follow as you create your outline. The basic format usually has three main sections, including headings, subheadings, and further subheadings under them if necessary. For instance, if you are beginning one heading with a verb, make sure all other headings and subheadings also start with a verb. If you are still not sure of how to write a research paper outline, here is an example of the basic format. Here are some key points to keep in mind as you are researching:. Writing an introduction that summarizes your topic, gives some background information, and presents your main thesis.
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MLA Sample Paper This resource contains a sample MLA paper that adheres to the 2016 updates. To download the MLA sample paper, click this link. Cite your source automatically in MLA Cite Using citation machines responsibly Powered by
Paper Format The preparation of papers and manuscripts in MLA Style is covered in part four of the MLA Style Manual. Below are some basic guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA Style: General Guidelines Type your paper on a computer and print it out on standard, white 8.5 x 11-inch paper.
Formatting your research paper outline There are three different kinds of research paper outline: alphanumeric, full-sentence and decimal outlines. The differences relate to formatting and style of writing. Alphanumeric Full-sentence Decimal An alphanumeric outline is most commonly used.
The MLA Handbook provides guidelines for creating MLA citations and formatting academic papers. This quick guide will help you set up your MLA format paper in no time. Start by applying these MLA format guidelines to your document: Times New Roman 12 1″ page margins Double line spacing ½" indent for new paragraphs
An outline in MLA format is precisely as you think. It is a plan you will use to write the assignment. It consists of the headings, subheadings, and the ideas you will have to use. Basically, this is a path you will take while writing, and it will reflect how your complete task will look at the end.
An outline is like a floor plan for your paper. It is used to plan out the scope of the paper, what it is going to explore, and most importantly, what it is going to look like, i.e., its presentation. Outlines themselves have a structure and format that should be followed for the best results. An outline in MLA format should have the following:
Research Paper Outline Title of the page (centered) 1. Introduction Talk about the importance of your subject. An interesting topic sentence. 2. Thesis Statement 3. Body Paragraphs Methodology. Research Justification. Research Findings. 4. Research Discussion 5. Conclusion Thesis explanation. Introduction & Thesis
MLA style research paper Does your research or term paper require MLA style? Use this accessible template to help you follow the proper guidelines. Includes instructional text to assist you in easily creating your report. This MLA style research paper template follows the standard MLA format.
Title: A Step by Step Guide to Write a Research Paper Outline Subject: A Step by Step Guide to Write a Research Paper Outline Created Date: 4/20/2020 8:31:11 AM
First, an MLA research outline is regarded as a sensitive document and must be handled as such. First, your outline must have an attractive introduction, written in an informative fashion and must have a splendid flow. Next part of ultimate focus should be in the body of your mla outline format.
Here is a sample paper in MLA format that has both the cover page and the outline pages. This paper has 10 pages so if you are under a slow Internet connection, please wait a few seconds for all of the pages to load. This paper is current with the latest MLA manual. - Diana Hacker
While MLA formatting proposes to omit the title page, there still are rules of how to format the first page. Starting from the upper-left corner of the main page, indicate your name, the next line identifies the name of your instructor, the next with the course and the last with the date. The next line introduces the title of the paper.
Basically, the outline contains three main sections: the Introduction, the Body and the Conclusion. The outline format depends on the type of academic assignment (MLA, APA). Before developing a research paper outline, read the latest version of the manual according to the chosen format of the research paper.
The MLA outline is the method used to structure your research paper. A formal MLA outline is optional for the MLA research paper unless stated otherwise by the instructor. The MLA outline should contain two main components: the thesis statement and the ideas that support the thesis statement.
Does your research or term paper require MLA format? Use this accessible MLA style paper template to help you follow the proper guidelines. Includes styles formatted to match MLA guidelines and instructional text to assist you in easily creating your report.
Exercise 14.1. 3. Working with the document you developed in Note 13.11 "Exercise 2", begin setting up the heading structure of the final draft of your research paper according to APA guidelines. Include your title and at least two to three major section headings, and follow the formatting guidelines provided above.
What is the Correct Template / Format to Write a Research Paper? ... It should outline your research question or thesis, the methods you used to conduct your research, and the main findings or conclusions of your study. ... The MLA style provides guidelines for formatting in-text citations and works cited lists. In-text citations typically ...
DescriptionThis is a very structured research paper outline PLUS a presentation that walks students through going from outline to rough draft with examples introduction, body paragraphs, conclusion. ... This is a sample outline for MLA formatted essays. This serves as an easy template for students to use. It features: ★ An example title ...
Congratulations to the winners of the MLA Student Essay Contest! The winning essays were selected as examples of excellent student writing that use MLA style for citing sources. Essays were lightly edited. If your institution subscribes to MLA Handbook Plus, you can access annotated versions of the winning essays from the 2022 contest.
Formatting Your Research Project. To learn how to set up your research project in MLA format, visit our free sample chapter on MLA Handbook Plus , the only authorized subscription-based digital resource featuring the MLA Handbook, available for unlimited simultaneous users at subscribing institutions.
Below is a simple MLA research essay outline sample you can use as the basis for your own: I. Introduction: Introductory Sentence Transition Sentence to Thesis II. Thesis: Description of the Paper First Argument Second Argument Third Argument III. Body Paragraph 1: Reference Explanation Transition Sentence IV. Body Paragraph 2: Reference
MLA Research Paper Sample Friday, December 27, 2013. Nparks Mgmt Essay Outline 1. Background 1. National Parks Board (NParks) is responsible for providing and enhancing the viridity of our urban center in a Garden. Beyond create green foundation, NParks is actively engaging the community to enhance the tincture of people animate environment.
latest version of the manual according to the chosen format of the research paper web apr 27 2020 research paper outline ... Download Free Mla Research Paper Outline Instructions Pdf File Free - beefproducts.com Author: No Starch Press Subject: beefproducts.com Keywords:
Social media. APA style paper Writing a research or term paper that needs to be in APA format? Word Download Open in browser. Modern paper. Book report. Academic Calendar with photos. ... Full-sentence research paper outlines have the same organization as alphanumeric outlines—with main topics listed as Roman numerals, subtopics as capital ...