- Link to facebook
- Link to linkedin
- Link to twitter
- Link to youtube
- Writing Tips
How to Write Research Objectives
3-minute read
- 22nd November 2021
Writing a research paper, thesis, or dissertation ? If so, you’ll want to state your research objectives in the introduction of your paper to make it clear to your readers what you’re trying to accomplish. But how do you write effective research objectives? In this post, we’ll look at two key topics to help you do this:
- How to use your research aims as a basis for developing objectives.
- How to use SMART criteria to refine your research objectives.
For more advice on how to write strong research objectives, see below.
Research Aims and Objectives
There is an important difference between research aims and research objectives:
- A research aim defines the main purpose of your research. As such, you can think of your research aim as answering the question “What are you doing?”
- Research objectives (as most studies will have more than one) are the steps you will take to fulfil your aims. As such, your objectives should answer the question “How are you conducting your research?”
For instance, an example research aim could be:
This study will investigate the link between dehydration and the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in intensive care patients in Australia.
To develop a set of research objectives, you would then break down the various steps involved in meeting said aim. For example:
This study will investigate the link between dehydration and the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in intensive care patients in Australia. To achieve this, the study objectives w ill include:
- Replicat ing a small Singaporean study into the role of dehydration in UTIs in hospital patients (Sepe, 2018) in a larger Australian cohort.
- Trialing the use of intravenous fluids for intensive care patients to prevent dehydration.
- Assessing the relationship between the age of patients and quantities of intravenous fluids needed to counter dehydration.
Find this useful?
Subscribe to our newsletter and get writing tips from our editors straight to your inbox.
Note that the objectives don’t go into any great detail here. The key is to briefly summarize each component of your study. You can save details for how you will conduct the research for the methodology section of your paper.
Make Your Research Objectives SMART
A great way to refine your research objectives is to use SMART criteria . Borrowed from the world of project management, there are many versions of this system. However, we’re going to focus on developing specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and timebound objectives.
In other words, a good research objective should be all of the following:
- S pecific – Is the objective clear and well-defined?
- M easurable – How will you know when the objective has been achieved? Is there a way to measure the thing you’re seeking to do?
- A chievable – Do you have the support and resources necessary to undertake this action? Are you being overly ambitious with this objective?
- R elevant – Is this objective vital for fulfilling your research aim?
- T imebound – Can this action be realistically undertaken in the time you have?
If you follow this system, your research objectives will be much stronger.
Expert Research Proofreading
Whatever your research aims and objectives, make sure to have your academic writing proofread by the experts!
Our academic editors can help you with research papers and proposals , as well as any other scholarly document you need checking. And this will help to ensure that your academic writing is always clear, concise, and precise.
Submit a free sample document today to trial our services and find out more.
Share this article:
Post A New Comment
Instant Quote
Need more help perfecting your writing proofed has the perfect editor.
You can also upload a document to get an instant quote
Drag & drop your file
or browse your computer
Browse from your device
Drop your file here!
Your file is being uploaded!
4-minute read
How to Write Blank Verse Poetry
Ever heard of blank verse? It’s poetry that doesn’t rhyme but follows a regular meter....
2-minute read
Grammar Tips: Prepositions
In the English language, prepositions can be tricky to master because they’re usually idiomatic. However,...
Grammar Tips: Proper Nouns
Is it a person, place, or thing? Oh my! In this article, we’re talking about...
7-minute read
Grammar Tips: Plural Nouns
If someone asked you what a noun is, you’d probably say it’s a person, place,...
A Simple Guide to Definite Articles
If you’re unsure what a definite article is, you’ve come to the right place! Knowing...
5-minute read
Study Tips: The Pomodoro Technique
Introduction Do you struggle to stay focused while studying? The Pomodoro (meaning tomato in Italian)...
Make sure your writing is the best it can be with our expert English proofreading and editing.
- Aims and Objectives – A Guide for Academic Writing
- Doing a PhD
One of the most important aspects of a thesis, dissertation or research paper is the correct formulation of the aims and objectives. This is because your aims and objectives will establish the scope, depth and direction that your research will ultimately take. An effective set of aims and objectives will give your research focus and your reader clarity, with your aims indicating what is to be achieved, and your objectives indicating how it will be achieved.
Introduction
There is no getting away from the importance of the aims and objectives in determining the success of your research project. Unfortunately, however, it is an aspect that many students struggle with, and ultimately end up doing poorly. Given their importance, if you suspect that there is even the smallest possibility that you belong to this group of students, we strongly recommend you read this page in full.
This page describes what research aims and objectives are, how they differ from each other, how to write them correctly, and the common mistakes students make and how to avoid them. An example of a good aim and objectives from a past thesis has also been deconstructed to help your understanding.
What Are Aims and Objectives?
Research aims.
A research aim describes the main goal or the overarching purpose of your research project.
In doing so, it acts as a focal point for your research and provides your readers with clarity as to what your study is all about. Because of this, research aims are almost always located within its own subsection under the introduction section of a research document, regardless of whether it’s a thesis , a dissertation, or a research paper .
A research aim is usually formulated as a broad statement of the main goal of the research and can range in length from a single sentence to a short paragraph. Although the exact format may vary according to preference, they should all describe why your research is needed (i.e. the context), what it sets out to accomplish (the actual aim) and, briefly, how it intends to accomplish it (overview of your objectives).
To give an example, we have extracted the following research aim from a real PhD thesis:
Example of a Research Aim
The role of diametrical cup deformation as a factor to unsatisfactory implant performance has not been widely reported. The aim of this thesis was to gain an understanding of the diametrical deformation behaviour of acetabular cups and shells following impaction into the reamed acetabulum. The influence of a range of factors on deformation was investigated to ascertain if cup and shell deformation may be high enough to potentially contribute to early failure and high wear rates in metal-on-metal implants.
Note: Extracted with permission from thesis titled “T he Impact And Deformation Of Press-Fit Metal Acetabular Components ” produced by Dr H Hothi of previously Queen Mary University of London.
Research Objectives
Where a research aim specifies what your study will answer, research objectives specify how your study will answer it.
They divide your research aim into several smaller parts, each of which represents a key section of your research project. As a result, almost all research objectives take the form of a numbered list, with each item usually receiving its own chapter in a dissertation or thesis.
Following the example of the research aim shared above, here are it’s real research objectives as an example:
Example of a Research Objective
- Develop finite element models using explicit dynamics to mimic mallet blows during cup/shell insertion, initially using simplified experimentally validated foam models to represent the acetabulum.
- Investigate the number, velocity and position of impacts needed to insert a cup.
- Determine the relationship between the size of interference between the cup and cavity and deformation for different cup types.
- Investigate the influence of non-uniform cup support and varying the orientation of the component in the cavity on deformation.
- Examine the influence of errors during reaming of the acetabulum which introduce ovality to the cavity.
- Determine the relationship between changes in the geometry of the component and deformation for different cup designs.
- Develop three dimensional pelvis models with non-uniform bone material properties from a range of patients with varying bone quality.
- Use the key parameters that influence deformation, as identified in the foam models to determine the range of deformations that may occur clinically using the anatomic models and if these deformations are clinically significant.
It’s worth noting that researchers sometimes use research questions instead of research objectives, or in other cases both. From a high-level perspective, research questions and research objectives make the same statements, but just in different formats.
Taking the first three research objectives as an example, they can be restructured into research questions as follows:
Restructuring Research Objectives as Research Questions
- Can finite element models using simplified experimentally validated foam models to represent the acetabulum together with explicit dynamics be used to mimic mallet blows during cup/shell insertion?
- What is the number, velocity and position of impacts needed to insert a cup?
- What is the relationship between the size of interference between the cup and cavity and deformation for different cup types?
Difference Between Aims and Objectives
Hopefully the above explanations make clear the differences between aims and objectives, but to clarify:
- The research aim focus on what the research project is intended to achieve; research objectives focus on how the aim will be achieved.
- Research aims are relatively broad; research objectives are specific.
- Research aims focus on a project’s long-term outcomes; research objectives focus on its immediate, short-term outcomes.
- A research aim can be written in a single sentence or short paragraph; research objectives should be written as a numbered list.
How to Write Aims and Objectives
Before we discuss how to write a clear set of research aims and objectives, we should make it clear that there is no single way they must be written. Each researcher will approach their aims and objectives slightly differently, and often your supervisor will influence the formulation of yours on the basis of their own preferences.
Regardless, there are some basic principles that you should observe for good practice; these principles are described below.
Your aim should be made up of three parts that answer the below questions:
- Why is this research required?
- What is this research about?
- How are you going to do it?
The easiest way to achieve this would be to address each question in its own sentence, although it does not matter whether you combine them or write multiple sentences for each, the key is to address each one.
The first question, why , provides context to your research project, the second question, what , describes the aim of your research, and the last question, how , acts as an introduction to your objectives which will immediately follow.
Scroll through the image set below to see the ‘why, what and how’ associated with our research aim example.
Note: Your research aims need not be limited to one. Some individuals per to define one broad ‘overarching aim’ of a project and then adopt two or three specific research aims for their thesis or dissertation. Remember, however, that in order for your assessors to consider your research project complete, you will need to prove you have fulfilled all of the aims you set out to achieve. Therefore, while having more than one research aim is not necessarily disadvantageous, consider whether a single overarching one will do.
Research Objectives
Each of your research objectives should be SMART :
- Specific – is there any ambiguity in the action you are going to undertake, or is it focused and well-defined?
- Measurable – how will you measure progress and determine when you have achieved the action?
- Achievable – do you have the support, resources and facilities required to carry out the action?
- Relevant – is the action essential to the achievement of your research aim?
- Timebound – can you realistically complete the action in the available time alongside your other research tasks?
In addition to being SMART, your research objectives should start with a verb that helps communicate your intent. Common research verbs include:
Table of Research Verbs to Use in Aims and Objectives
Last, format your objectives into a numbered list. This is because when you write your thesis or dissertation, you will at times need to make reference to a specific research objective; structuring your research objectives in a numbered list will provide a clear way of doing this.
To bring all this together, let’s compare the first research objective in the previous example with the above guidance:
Checking Research Objective Example Against Recommended Approach
Research Objective:
1. Develop finite element models using explicit dynamics to mimic mallet blows during cup/shell insertion, initially using simplified experimentally validated foam models to represent the acetabulum.
Checking Against Recommended Approach:
Q: Is it specific? A: Yes, it is clear what the student intends to do (produce a finite element model), why they intend to do it (mimic cup/shell blows) and their parameters have been well-defined ( using simplified experimentally validated foam models to represent the acetabulum ).
Q: Is it measurable? A: Yes, it is clear that the research objective will be achieved once the finite element model is complete.
Q: Is it achievable? A: Yes, provided the student has access to a computer lab, modelling software and laboratory data.
Q: Is it relevant? A: Yes, mimicking impacts to a cup/shell is fundamental to the overall aim of understanding how they deform when impacted upon.
Q: Is it timebound? A: Yes, it is possible to create a limited-scope finite element model in a relatively short time, especially if you already have experience in modelling.
Q: Does it start with a verb? A: Yes, it starts with ‘develop’, which makes the intent of the objective immediately clear.
Q: Is it a numbered list? A: Yes, it is the first research objective in a list of eight.
Mistakes in Writing Research Aims and Objectives
1. making your research aim too broad.
Having a research aim too broad becomes very difficult to achieve. Normally, this occurs when a student develops their research aim before they have a good understanding of what they want to research. Remember that at the end of your project and during your viva defence , you will have to prove that you have achieved your research aims; if they are too broad, this will be an almost impossible task. In the early stages of your research project, your priority should be to narrow your study to a specific area. A good way to do this is to take the time to study existing literature, question their current approaches, findings and limitations, and consider whether there are any recurring gaps that could be investigated .
Note: Achieving a set of aims does not necessarily mean proving or disproving a theory or hypothesis, even if your research aim was to, but having done enough work to provide a useful and original insight into the principles that underlie your research aim.
2. Making Your Research Objectives Too Ambitious
Be realistic about what you can achieve in the time you have available. It is natural to want to set ambitious research objectives that require sophisticated data collection and analysis, but only completing this with six months before the end of your PhD registration period is not a worthwhile trade-off.
3. Formulating Repetitive Research Objectives
Each research objective should have its own purpose and distinct measurable outcome. To this effect, a common mistake is to form research objectives which have large amounts of overlap. This makes it difficult to determine when an objective is truly complete, and also presents challenges in estimating the duration of objectives when creating your project timeline. It also makes it difficult to structure your thesis into unique chapters, making it more challenging for you to write and for your audience to read.
Fortunately, this oversight can be easily avoided by using SMART objectives.
Hopefully, you now have a good idea of how to create an effective set of aims and objectives for your research project, whether it be a thesis, dissertation or research paper. While it may be tempting to dive directly into your research, spending time on getting your aims and objectives right will give your research clear direction. This won’t only reduce the likelihood of problems arising later down the line, but will also lead to a more thorough and coherent research project.
Finding a PhD has never been this easy – search for a PhD by keyword, location or academic area of interest.
Browse PhDs Now
Join thousands of students.
Join thousands of other students and stay up to date with the latest PhD programmes, funding opportunities and advice.
Writing the Research Objectives: 5 Straightforward Examples if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'simplyeducate_me-box-3','ezslot_12',197,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplyeducate_me-box-3-0');
Table of Contents
Definition of a Research Objective
What are the uses of the research objective.
Specifying the data collection procedure ensures data accuracy and integrity . Thus, the probability of error is minimized. Generalizations or conclusions based on valid arguments founded on reliable data strengthens research findings on particular issues and problems.
Please enable JavaScript
In data mining activities where large data sets are involved, the research objective plays a crucial role. Without a clear objective to guide the machine learning process, the desired outcomes will not be met.
How is the Research Objective Written?
5 examples of research objectives, related posts, 5 tested time management tips for graduate students, a definition of curriculum from a traditional viewpoint, a rare swarm of bees, about the author, regoniel, patrick, leave a reply cancel reply.
Have a language expert improve your writing
Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.
- Knowledge Base
- Research paper
Writing a Research Paper Introduction | Step-by-Step Guide
Published on September 24, 2022 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on November 29, 2022.
The introduction to a research paper is where you set up your topic and approach for the reader. It has several key goals:
- Present your topic and get the reader interested
- Provide background or summarize existing research
- Position your own approach
- Detail your specific research problem and problem statement
- Give an overview of the paper’s structure
The introduction looks slightly different depending on whether your paper presents the results of original empirical research or constructs an argument by engaging with a variety of sources.
Table of contents
Step 1: introduce your topic, step 2: describe the background, step 3: establish your research problem, step 4: specify your objective(s), step 5: map out your paper, research paper introduction examples, frequently asked questions about the research paper introduction.
The first job of the introduction is to tell the reader what your topic is and why it’s interesting or important. This is generally accomplished with a strong opening hook.
The hook is a striking opening sentence that clearly conveys the relevance of your topic. Think of an interesting fact or statistic, a strong statement, a question, or a brief anecdote that will get the reader wondering about your topic.
For example, the following could be an effective hook for an argumentative paper about the environmental impact of cattle farming:
A more empirical paper investigating the relationship of Instagram use with body image issues in adolescent girls might use the following hook:
Don’t feel that your hook necessarily has to be deeply impressive or creative. Clarity and relevance are still more important than catchiness. The key thing is to guide the reader into your topic and situate your ideas.
This part of the introduction differs depending on what approach your paper is taking.
In a more argumentative paper, you’ll explore some general background here. In a more empirical paper, this is the place to review previous research and establish how yours fits in.
Argumentative paper: Background information
After you’ve caught your reader’s attention, specify a bit more, providing context and narrowing down your topic.
Provide only the most relevant background information. The introduction isn’t the place to get too in-depth; if more background is essential to your paper, it can appear in the body .
Empirical paper: Describing previous research
For a paper describing original research, you’ll instead provide an overview of the most relevant research that has already been conducted. This is a sort of miniature literature review —a sketch of the current state of research into your topic, boiled down to a few sentences.
This should be informed by genuine engagement with the literature. Your search can be less extensive than in a full literature review, but a clear sense of the relevant research is crucial to inform your own work.
Begin by establishing the kinds of research that have been done, and end with limitations or gaps in the research that you intend to respond to.
Here's why students love Scribbr's proofreading services
Discover proofreading & editing
The next step is to clarify how your own research fits in and what problem it addresses.
Argumentative paper: Emphasize importance
In an argumentative research paper, you can simply state the problem you intend to discuss, and what is original or important about your argument.
Empirical paper: Relate to the literature
In an empirical research paper, try to lead into the problem on the basis of your discussion of the literature. Think in terms of these questions:
- What research gap is your work intended to fill?
- What limitations in previous work does it address?
- What contribution to knowledge does it make?
You can make the connection between your problem and the existing research using phrases like the following.
Now you’ll get into the specifics of what you intend to find out or express in your research paper.
The way you frame your research objectives varies. An argumentative paper presents a thesis statement, while an empirical paper generally poses a research question (sometimes with a hypothesis as to the answer).
Argumentative paper: Thesis statement
The thesis statement expresses the position that the rest of the paper will present evidence and arguments for. It can be presented in one or two sentences, and should state your position clearly and directly, without providing specific arguments for it at this point.
Empirical paper: Research question and hypothesis
The research question is the question you want to answer in an empirical research paper.
Present your research question clearly and directly, with a minimum of discussion at this point. The rest of the paper will be taken up with discussing and investigating this question; here you just need to express it.
A research question can be framed either directly or indirectly.
- This study set out to answer the following question: What effects does daily use of Instagram have on the prevalence of body image issues among adolescent girls?
- We investigated the effects of daily Instagram use on the prevalence of body image issues among adolescent girls.
If your research involved testing hypotheses , these should be stated along with your research question. They are usually presented in the past tense, since the hypothesis will already have been tested by the time you are writing up your paper.
For example, the following hypothesis might respond to the research question above:
The final part of the introduction is often dedicated to a brief overview of the rest of the paper.
In a paper structured using the standard scientific “introduction, methods, results, discussion” format, this isn’t always necessary. But if your paper is structured in a less predictable way, it’s important to describe the shape of it for the reader.
If included, the overview should be concise, direct, and written in the present tense.
- This paper will first discuss several examples of survey-based research into adolescent social media use, then will go on to …
- This paper first discusses several examples of survey-based research into adolescent social media use, then goes on to …
Full examples of research paper introductions are shown in the tabs below: one for an argumentative paper, the other for an empirical paper.
- Argumentative paper
- Empirical paper
Are cows responsible for climate change? A recent study (RIVM, 2019) shows that cattle farmers account for two thirds of agricultural nitrogen emissions in the Netherlands. These emissions result from nitrogen in manure, which can degrade into ammonia and enter the atmosphere. The study’s calculations show that agriculture is the main source of nitrogen pollution, accounting for 46% of the country’s total emissions. By comparison, road traffic and households are responsible for 6.1% each, the industrial sector for 1%. While efforts are being made to mitigate these emissions, policymakers are reluctant to reckon with the scale of the problem. The approach presented here is a radical one, but commensurate with the issue. This paper argues that the Dutch government must stimulate and subsidize livestock farmers, especially cattle farmers, to transition to sustainable vegetable farming. It first establishes the inadequacy of current mitigation measures, then discusses the various advantages of the results proposed, and finally addresses potential objections to the plan on economic grounds.
The rise of social media has been accompanied by a sharp increase in the prevalence of body image issues among women and girls. This correlation has received significant academic attention: Various empirical studies have been conducted into Facebook usage among adolescent girls (Tiggermann & Slater, 2013; Meier & Gray, 2014). These studies have consistently found that the visual and interactive aspects of the platform have the greatest influence on body image issues. Despite this, highly visual social media (HVSM) such as Instagram have yet to be robustly researched. This paper sets out to address this research gap. We investigated the effects of daily Instagram use on the prevalence of body image issues among adolescent girls. It was hypothesized that daily Instagram use would be associated with an increase in body image concerns and a decrease in self-esteem ratings.
The introduction of a research paper includes several key elements:
- A hook to catch the reader’s interest
- Relevant background on the topic
- Details of your research problem
and your problem statement
- A thesis statement or research question
- Sometimes an overview of the paper
Don’t feel that you have to write the introduction first. The introduction is often one of the last parts of the research paper you’ll write, along with the conclusion.
This is because it can be easier to introduce your paper once you’ve already written the body ; you may not have the clearest idea of your arguments until you’ve written them, and things can change during the writing process .
The way you present your research problem in your introduction varies depending on the nature of your research paper . A research paper that presents a sustained argument will usually encapsulate this argument in a thesis statement .
A research paper designed to present the results of empirical research tends to present a research question that it seeks to answer. It may also include a hypothesis —a prediction that will be confirmed or disproved by your research.
Cite this Scribbr article
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.
Caulfield, J. (2022, November 29). Writing a Research Paper Introduction | Step-by-Step Guide. Scribbr. Retrieved March 13, 2023, from https://www.scribbr.com/research-paper/research-paper-introduction/
Is this article helpful?
Jack Caulfield
Other students also liked, writing strong research questions | criteria & examples, writing a research paper conclusion | step-by-step guide, research paper format | apa, mla, & chicago templates, what is your plagiarism score.
Research Aims, Objectives & Questions
The “Golden Thread” Explained Simply (+ Examples)
By: David Phair (PhD) and Alexandra Shaeffer (PhD) | June 2022
The research aims , objectives and research questions (collectively called the “golden thread”) are arguably the most important thing you need to get right when you’re crafting a research proposal , dissertation or thesis . We receive questions almost every day about this “holy trinity” of research and there’s certainly a lot of confusion out there, so we’ve crafted this post to help you navigate your way through the fog.
Overview: The Golden Thread
- What is the golden thread
- What are research aims ( examples )
- What are research objectives ( examples )
- What are research questions ( examples )
- The importance of alignment in the golden thread
What is the “golden thread”?
The golden thread simply refers to the collective research aims , research objectives , and research questions for any given project (i.e., a dissertation, thesis, or research paper). These three elements are bundled together because it’s extremely important that they align with each other, and that the entire research project aligns with them.
Importantly, the golden thread needs to weave its way through the entirety of any research project , from start to end. In other words, it needs to be very clearly defined right at the beginning of the project (the topic ideation and proposal stage) and it needs to inform almost every decision throughout the rest of the project. For example, your research design and methodology will be heavily influenced by the golden thread (we’ll explain this in more detail later), as well as your literature review.
The research aims, objectives and research questions (the golden thread) define the focus and scope ( the delimitations ) of your research project. In other words, they help ringfence your dissertation or thesis to a relatively narrow domain, so that you can “go deep” and really dig into a specific problem or opportunity. They also help keep you on track , as they act as a litmus test for relevance. In other words, if you’re ever unsure whether to include something in your document, simply ask yourself the question, “does this contribute toward my research aims, objectives or questions?”. If it doesn’t, chances are you can drop it.
Alright, enough of the fluffy, conceptual stuff. Let’s get down to business and look at what exactly the research aims, objectives and questions are and outline a few examples to bring these concepts to life.
Research Aims: What are they?
Simply put, the research aim(s) is a statement that reflects the broad overarching goal (s) of the research project. Research aims are fairly high-level (low resolution) as they outline the general direction of the research and what it’s trying to achieve .
Research Aims: Examples
True to the name, research aims usually start with the wording “this research aims to…”, “this research seeks to…”, and so on. For example:
- “This research aims to explore employee experiences of digital transformation in retail HR.
- “This study sets out to assess the interaction between student support and self-care on well-being in engineering graduate students”
As you can see, these research aims provide a high-level description of what the study is about and what it seeks to achieve. They’re not hyper-specific or action-oriented, but they’re clear about what the study’s focus is and what is being investigated.
Need a helping hand?
Research Objectives: What are they?
The research objectives take the research aims and make them more practical and actionable . In other words, the research objectives showcase the steps that the researcher will take to achieve the research aims.
The research objectives need to be far more specific (higher resolution) and actionable than the research aims. In fact, it’s always a good idea to craft your research objectives using the “SMART” criteria. In other words, they should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound”.
Research Objectives: Examples
Let’s look at two examples of research objectives. We’ll stick with the topic and research aims we mentioned previously.
For the digital transformation topic:
- To observe the retail HR employees throughout the digital transformation.
- To assess employee perceptions of digital transformation in retail HR.
- To identify the barriers and facilitators of digital transformation in retail HR.
And for the student wellness topic:
- To determine whether student self-care predicts the well-being score of engineering graduate students.
- To determine whether student support predicts the well-being score of engineering students.
- To assess the interaction between student self-care and student support when predicting well-being in engineering graduate students.
As you can see, these research objectives clearly align with the previously mentioned research aims and effectively translate the low-resolution aims into (comparatively) higher-resolution objectives and action points . They give the research project a clear focus and present something that resembles a research-based “to-do” list.
Research Questions: What are they?
Finally, we arrive at the all-important research questions. The research questions are, as the name suggests, the key questions that your study will seek to answer . Simply put, they are the core purpose of your dissertation, thesis, or research project. You’ll present them at the beginning of your document (either in the introduction chapter or literature review chapter) and you’ll answer them at the end of your document (typically in the discussion and conclusion chapters).
The research questions will be the driving force throughout the research process. For example, in the literature review chapter, you’ll assess the relevance of any given resource based on whether it helps you move towards answering your research questions. Similarly, your methodology and research design will be heavily influenced by the nature of your research questions. For instance, research questions that are exploratory in nature will usually make use of a qualitative approach, whereas questions that relate to measurement or relationship testing will make use of a quantitative approach.
Let’s look at some examples of research questions to make this more tangible.
Research Questions: Examples
Again, we’ll stick with the research aims and research objectives we mentioned previously.
For the digital transformation topic (which would be qualitative in nature):
- How do employees perceive digital transformation in retail HR?
- What are the barriers and facilitators of digital transformation in retail HR?
And for the student wellness topic (which would be quantitative in nature):
- Does student self-care predict the well-being scores of engineering graduate students?
- Does student support predict the well-being scores of engineering students?
- Do student self-care and student support interact when predicting well-being in engineering graduate students?
You’ll probably notice that there’s quite a formulaic approach to this. In other words, the research questions are basically the research objectives “converted” into question format. While that is true most of the time, it’s not always the case. For example, the first research objective for the digital transformation topic was more or less a step on the path toward the other objectives, and as such, it didn’t warrant its own research question.
So, don’t rush your research questions and sloppily reword your objectives as questions. Carefully think about what exactly you’re trying to achieve (i.e. your research aim) and the objectives you’ve set out, then craft a set of well-aligned research questions . Also, keep in mind that this can be a somewhat iterative process , where you go back and tweak research objectives and aims to ensure tight alignment throughout the golden thread.
The importance of strong alignment
Alignment is the keyword here and we have to stress its importance . Simply put, you need to make sure that there is a very tight alignment between all three pieces of the golden thread. If your research aims and research questions don’t align, for example, your project will be pulling in different directions and will lack focus . This is a common problem students face and can cause many headaches (and tears), so be warned.
Take the time to carefully craft your research aims, objectives and research questions before you run off down the research path. Ideally, get your research supervisor/advisor to review and comment on your golden thread before you invest significant time into your project, and certainly before you start collecting data .
Recap: The golden thread
In this post, we unpacked the golden thread of research, consisting of the research aims , research objectives and research questions . You can jump back to any section using the links below.
As always, feel free to leave a comment below – we always love to hear from you. Also, if you’re interested in 1-on-1 support, take a look at our private coaching service here.
Psst… there’s more (for free)
This post is part of our research writing mini-course, which covers everything you need to get started with your dissertation, thesis or research project.
You Might Also Like:
15 Comments
Thank you very much for your great effort put. As an Undergraduate taking Demographic Research & Methodology, I’ve been trying so hard to understand clearly what is a Research Question, Research Aim and the Objectives in a research and the relationship between them etc. But as for now I’m thankful that you’ve solved my problem.
Well appreciated. This has helped me greatly in doing my dissertation.
An so delighted with this wonderful information thank you a lot.
so impressive i have benefited a lot looking forward to learn more on research.
I am very happy to have carefully gone through this well researched article.
Infact,I used to be phobia about anything research, because of my poor understanding of the concepts.
Now,I get to know that my research question is the same as my research objective(s) rephrased in question format.
I please I would need a follow up on the subject,as I intends to join the team of researchers. Thanks once again.
Thanks so much. This was really helpful.
i found this document so useful towards my study in research methods. thanks so much.
This is my 2nd read topic in your course and I should commend the simplified explanations of each part. I’m beginning to understand and absorb the use of each part of a dissertation/thesis. I’ll keep on reading your free course and might be able to avail the training course! Kudos!
Thank you! Better put that my lecture and helped to easily understand the basics which I feel often get brushed over when beginning dissertation work.
This is quite helpful. I like how the Golden thread has been explained and the needed alignment.
This is quite helpful. I really appreciate!
The article made it simple for researcher students to differentiate between three concepts.
Very innovative and educational in approach to conducting research.
A very helpful piece. thanks, I really appreciate it .
Submit a Comment Cancel reply
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *
Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.
- Print Friendly
- EXPLORE Coupons Tech Help Pro Random Article About Us Quizzes Contribute Train Your Brain Game Improve Your English Popular Categories Arts and Entertainment Artwork Books Movies Computers and Electronics Computers Phone Skills Technology Hacks Health Men's Health Mental Health Women's Health Relationships Dating Love Relationship Issues Hobbies and Crafts Crafts Drawing Games Education & Communication Communication Skills Personal Development Studying Personal Care and Style Fashion Hair Care Personal Hygiene Youth Personal Care School Stuff Dating All Categories Arts and Entertainment Finance and Business Home and Garden Relationship Quizzes Cars & Other Vehicles Food and Entertaining Personal Care and Style Sports and Fitness Computers and Electronics Health Pets and Animals Travel Education & Communication Hobbies and Crafts Philosophy and Religion Work World Family Life Holidays and Traditions Relationships Youth
- HELP US Support wikiHow Community Dashboard Write an Article Request a New Article More Ideas...
- EDIT Edit this Article
- PRO Courses New Guides Tech Help Pro New Expert Videos About wikiHow Pro Coupons Quizzes Upgrade Sign In
- Premium wikiHow Guides
- Browse Articles
- Quizzes New
- Train Your Brain New
- Improve Your English New
- Support wikiHow
- About wikiHow
- Easy Ways to Help
- Approve Questions
- Fix Spelling
- More Things to Try...
- H&M Coupons
- Hotwire Promo Codes
- StubHub Discount Codes
- Ashley Furniture Coupons
- Blue Nile Promo Codes
- NordVPN Coupons
- Samsung Promo Codes
- Chewy Promo Codes
- Ulta Coupons
- Vistaprint Promo Codes
- Shutterfly Promo Codes
- DoorDash Promo Codes
- Office Depot Coupons
- adidas Promo Codes
- Home Depot Coupons
- DSW Coupons
- Bed Bath and Beyond Coupons
- Lowe's Coupons
- Surfshark Coupons
- Nordstrom Coupons
- Walmart Promo Codes
- Dick's Sporting Goods Coupons
- Fanatics Coupons
- Edible Arrangements Coupons
- eBay Coupons
- Log in / Sign up
- Education and Communications
- College University and Postgraduate
- Academic Writing
- Research Papers
How to Write Objectives in a Research Proposal
Last Updated: February 13, 2023 References
This article was co-authored by Felipe Corredor . Felipe is a Senior College Admissions Consultant at American College Counselors with over seven years of experience. He specializes in helping clients from all around the world gain admission into America's top universities through private, one-on-one consulting. He helps guide clients through the entire college admissions process and perfect every aspect of their college applications. Felipe earned a Bachelor's Degree from the University of Chicago and recently received his MBA. There are 10 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been viewed 96,086 times.
A research proposal is a detailed outline for a significant research project. They’re common for class assignments, capstone papers, grant applications, and even job applications in some fields, so it's possible you'll have to prepare one at some point. The objectives are a very important part of a research proposal because they outline where the project is headed and what it will accomplish. Developing objectives can be a little tricky, so take some time to consider them. Then work on wording them carefully so your readers understand your goals. With clear objectives, your research proposal will be much stronger.
Brainstorming Your Objectives
- For example, your research question might be “What is the effect of prolonged TV-watching on children?” You can then use that question to build your study around.
- Narrow down your research topic if it’s too broad. A broad research topic makes breaking the objectives down much more difficult. A research question like “How can we save the environment?” is a huge question. Something like “What safety measures would prevent ocean pollution?” is more specific and attainable. [2] X Research source
- Remember that in most cases, you shouldn’t state that your study will prove or disprove something exactly since you haven’t done the work yet. Don’t say “This study proves that honey is not an effective treatment for acne.” Instead, make it something like “This study will demonstrate whether or not honey is an effective treatment for acne.”
- If your research question was “What is the effect of prolonged TV-watching on children?” then there are a few categories you could look at. Objectives wrapped up within that question might be: 1) the incidence of eyestrain among children who watch a lot of TV, 2) their muscular development, 3) their level of socialization with other children. Design your objectives around answering these questions.
- You could always state in your research proposal that you plan to design future experiments or studies to answer additional questions. Most experiments leave unanswered questions and subsequent studies try to tackle them.
- A general objective might be "Establish the effect of diet on mental health." Some specific goals in that project could be 1) Determine if processed foods make depression worse, 2) Identify foods that improve mood, 3) Measure if portion sizes have an impact on mood.
- Not all research proposals want you to divide between general and specific goals. Remember to follow the instructions for the proposal you're writing.
- The best goals align with each letter in the SMART acronym. The weaker ones are missing some letters. For example, you might come up with a topic that’s specific, measurable, and time-bound, but not realistic or attainable. This is a weak objective because you probably can’t achieve it.
- Think about the resources at your disposal. Some objectives might be doable with the right equipment, but if you don’t have that equipment, then you can’t achieve that goal. For example, you might want to map DNA structures, but you can’t view DNA without an electron microscope.
- Ask the same question for your entire project. Is it attainable overall? You don’t want to try to achieve too much and overwhelm yourself.
- The specific words in this acronym sometimes change, but the sentiment is the same. Your objectives should overall be clear and specific, measurable, feasible, and limited by time.
Using the Right Language
- Verbs like use, understand, or study is vague and weak. Instead, choose words like calculate, compare, and assess.
- Your objective list might read like this: 1) Compare the muscle development of children who play video games to children who don’t, 2) Assess whether or not video games cause eyestrain, 3) Determine if videogames inhibit a child’s socialization skills.
- Some proposals use the infinitive form of verbs, like “to measure” or “to determine.” This is also fine but refer to the proposal instructions to see if this is correct.
- You can further explain your objectives further in the research proposal. No need to elaborate a lot when you’re just listing them.
- If you’re having trouble shortening an objective to 1 sentence, then you probably need to split it into 2 objectives. It might also be too complicated for this project.
- For example, “Determine if sunlight is harmful” is too vague. Instead, state the objective as “Determine if prolonged sun exposure increases subjects’ risk of skin cancer.”
- It’s helpful to let someone else read your proposal and see if they understand the objectives. If they’re confused, then you need to be more specific.
- For example, don’t say “Measure the effect of radiation on living tissue.” Instead, say “Determine what level of radiation is dangerous to living tissue.”
- Remember, don’t state the objectives as you’ve already done the experiments. They’re still not answered.
Writing the Objectives
- This is a common format for research proposals, but not universal. Always follow the format that the instructions provided.
- Depending on how long your introduction has to be, you might also list the objectives there. This depends on whether or not you have room.
- At the very least, the abstract should list the general objective. This tells the readers what your study is working towards.
- In some research projects, the general objective is called a long-term goal instead. Adjust your language to the proposal requirements.
- Some proposals directions may just want the specific objectives rather than a division between the general and specific ones. Don’t divide them if the instructions tell you not to.
- Your introduction may be as follows: "My long-term objective with this project is determining whether or not prolonged video-game playing is harmful to children under 5. I will accomplish this aim by meeting the following objectives: 1) Compare the muscle development of children who play videogames to children who don’t 2) Assess whether or not videogames cause eyestrain 3) Determine if videogames inhibit a child’s socialization skills"
- The specific objectives are usually listed as a bullet or numbered points. However, follow the instructions given.
Expert Q&A
- It’s always a good idea to let someone else read your research proposals and make sure they’re clear. ⧼thumbs_response⧽ Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
- Proofread! A great proposal could be ruined by typos and errors. ⧼thumbs_response⧽ Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
- Some proposal instructions are very specific, and applicants that don’t follow the format are eliminated. Always follow the instructions given to stay within the requirements. ⧼thumbs_response⧽ Helpful 2 Not Helpful 0
You Might Also Like
- ↑ https://uk.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-assets/15490_book_item_15490.pdf
- ↑ https://research-methodology.net/research-methodology/research-aims-and-objectives/
- ↑ https://www.uh.edu/~lsong5/documents/A%20sample%20proposal%20with%20comment.pdf
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3282423/
- ↑ https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/evaluation/pdf/brief3b.pdf
- ↑ https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=231§ion=8.6.2
- ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6398294/
- ↑ https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0601009.pdf
- ↑ https://www.bpcc.edu/institutional-advancement-grants/how-to-write-goals-and-objectives-for-grant-proposals
- ↑ https://guides.library.illinois.edu/c.php?g=504643&p=3454882
About This Article
- Send fan mail to authors
Reader Success Stories
Aug 9, 2022
Did this article help you?
Relyn Jungco
May 15, 2022
Featured Articles
Trending Articles
Watch Articles
- Terms of Use
- Privacy Policy
- Do Not Sell or Share My Info
- Not Selling Info
Get all the best how-tos!
Sign up for wikiHow's weekly email newsletter
- Food & Dining
- Coronavirus
- Real Estate
- Seattle History
- PNW Politics
How to Write Objectives in Papers
- College & Higher Education
Related Articles
Teacher tips: how to write thesis statements for high school papers, how to write an essay in conversational style, eight critical thinking guidelines in psychology.
- Importance of Doing an Outline Prior to Writing
- How to Write a Five-Sentence Paragraph in Middle School
The objective of the paper is the reason given for writing the paper. By stating your objective, you’re telling the reader exactly what you’re hoping to demonstrate, and exactly what they can hope to learn -- or be convinced of. The objective of a paper is often called a thesis statement, and it needs to be right up front and center in your paper -- if you write it well, and give it pride of place in your introduction, then it should give strong support to the rest of your paper.
When you’re writing an academic paper, it can be tempting to be verbose. Many students think that they’ll sound smart if they’re wordy. But there’s nothing smart about using ten words when you could use one word, or about using a ten-letter word when you could use a five-letter word. Confused readers are frustrated readers, not admiring readers. While it’s always important to use clear language when you’re writing an academic paper, this is especially true of the objective. If the reader can’t understand the point of the paper, there will be no reason for them to read further.
Remember that the objective is the purpose of the entire paper, not the entire paper itself. Don’t try to cram all of your research, sources, and evidence into one or two sentences. The objectives should reflect the main thrust of your paper, not delve into the nitty gritty details. Keeping your objectives short doesn’t mean selling them short: it means taking a bird’s eye-view of your paper and expressing the most important general principles concisely.
Be Interesting
“Objective” is a dry word, but if there’s one thing the objective of a paper should be, it’s interesting. If the objective of a paper is boring, you can bet that the paper is boring. Students often think that professors don’t care if a paper is interesting, but professors are like any other reader -- they want to be pulled into a paper, not bored to death by it. Make sure that your language is vivid and captures your reader’s attention.
Prove That You’re Going to Prove Something
It won’t matter how clear your objective is, how brief it is, or even how interesting it is, unless it convinces the reader that you’ll convince them of something. (Or, if not, convinces them that you’ll convince them of something, then at least convinces them that you’ll present a compelling argument.) The point of your paper is always to prove something, whether it’s that global warming is a real thing or that Shakespeare’s plays weren’t all they were cracked up to be.
- Columbia University: How to Write Your Thesis
Living in Canada, Andrew Aarons has been writing professionally since 2003. He holds a Bachelor of Arts in English literature from the University of Ottawa, where he served as a writer and editor for the university newspaper. Aarons is also a certified computer-support technician.
Rules for Thesis Statements
What are the four tips for writing a good thesis statement for an expository essay, attention grabbers to use when writing an essay, how to write an essay that stands out, how to write a college expository essay, what problems take place when choosing research topics & research questions, how to write a higher level essay introduction, how to assess the strength or weakness of a thesis statement, fifth grade writing ideas: creative ways to begin sentences, most popular.
- 1 Rules for Thesis Statements
- 2 What Are the Four Tips for Writing a Good Thesis Statement for an Expository Essay?
- 3 Attention Grabbers to Use When Writing an Essay
- 4 How to Write an Essay That Stands Out
- Free Samples >
- Type of Paper >
- Research Paper
Objective Research Papers Samples That Help You Write Better, Faster & with Gusto
Composing Research Papers is quite a burdensome task on its own. Composing great Research Papers is an even more demanding exercise. Composing a perfect Objective Research Paper is, well, something otherworldly. Yet, with the WePapers.com free repository of professionally written Objective Research Paper examples, the job is entirely viable. Browse our repository, locate a piece that complies with your underlying requirements and use it as a source of content presentation and organization ideas in order to create your own original Research Paper on Objective.
In case you lack time or eagerness for reading numerous papers in search of revelation or writing insights, you can easily order a unique Objective Research Paper sample custom-written particularly for you to be used as a foundation for an entirely original academic work.
We use cookies to improve your experience with our site. Please accept before continuing or read our cookie policy here .
DON'T MISS YOUR CHANCE!
Apply a discount code
Get 11% Off
No thanks, I don't want to save money
- AI Content Shield
- AI KW Research
- AI Assistant
- SEO Optimizer
- AI KW Clustering
- Customer reviews
- The NLO Revolution
- Affiliate partners
- Press Center
- Help Center
- 1-1 INK Demo
- Content Resources
- Join Discord
- Facebook Group
How to Write an Objective in a Research Proposal
Table of contents.
Writing an objective for a research proposal can be daunting, especially if you are unsure how to go about it. However, having an objective is essential in any research project. It sets the direction of your investigation and helps keep you focused on your research goals. If you’re stuck on how to write an objective in a research proposal , this article provides key tips to help you craft one effectively.
Exclusive Free Trial Offer
Outwrite your competitors with unique , relevant , and engaging content.
What Is a Research Proposal Objective?
A research proposal objective is a concise statement that outlines the purpose of a proposed project . The objective also defines how it intends to answer the identified research question. It should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). It typically includes an explanation of why this research must be conducted and what its results may contribute to knowledge in the field.
Importance of Objective in Research Proposal
A research proposal objective is crucial as it sets a clear goal for the entire project, providing guidance and focus to its development. It allows researchers to better identify and understand the questions they are attempting to answer. It also helps determine the necessary resources to complete the project successfully. Additionally, an objective provides direction for creating a practical timeline for completing tasks and reaching milestones throughout the process. A clearly stated objective from the outset allows stakeholders to easily assess the value of the research conducted.
When writing a research proposal objective, it is essential to keep several key considerations in mind. Below are some tips to craft an excellent objective for your research proposal:
Articulate the Key Research Questions to Guide Ideas
You must define your primary research question early on. It helps you stay focused throughout the writing process and ensure that all objectives directly relate back to it. This will help you formulate a clear goal for your proposal.
Explain the Main Purpose of Your Research
The overall purpose or aim of the research must be clearly defined so that readers can understand what you are trying to accomplish. A well-defined ultimate goal will give context to the individual objectives you set out in your proposal.
Break Down the Research Goal Into Attainable Objectives
Breaking down your research goal into multiple objectives can help structure your work and keep you organized throughout the process. Outlining specific tasks helps to ensure that all parts of your project are addressed and can also assist in analyzing results later.
Keep Objectives Limited for the Best Results
Limiting your objectives to three to five at most is recommended to maintain focus on key areas of interest. It prevents the unnecessary expansion of scope or distraction from the main purpose of your research.
Separate General and Specific Objectives
Splitting up your objectives into general and specific ones helps to organize and prioritize tasks. The general objective is an overarching plan for what needs to be accomplished. And the specific objectives offer more detailed steps for achieving these larger goals.
Evaluate Objectives Using the SMART Format
The SMART format is an effective way to assess if your objectives are specific, achievable, measurable, relevant, and time-bound. Adhering to these criteria ensures that your goals are practical and attainable within a reasonable timeframe. It gives you a better chance of success with your research proposal.
Writing a research proposal objective is essential to the success of your research project. By following these steps, you can craft a practical and comprehensive objective that describes what you want to accomplish in your research. Remember to keep it concise, clear, and focused on one main goal or idea. With this guide, you now know how to write an objective in a research proposal , so get started on yours today!
Abir Ghenaiet
Abir is a data analyst and researcher. Among her interests are artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing. As a humanitarian and educator, she actively supports women in tech and promotes diversity.
Explore All Proposal Generator Articles
Novel seminar proposal sample-quality guide .
From networking to learning, students or employees can benefit immensely from seminars. Getting a seminar event approved is, however, a…
- Proposal Generator
Basic Fee Proposal Template For Better Value
Your fee proposal template can stir your client’s decision in your favor. Or make you lose a client. The difference…
Awareness Campaign Proposal Sample: An Effective Guide
Have you ever seen an ad and thought: “Wow! That’s brilliant!” Well, it’s the result of a well-written awareness campaign…
Effective Keys To Writing A Persuasive Proposal Draft
The battle for clients doesn’t always favor the qualified. Sometimes, it falls right in the laps of the most convincing.…
Effective Guide to Writing a Marketing Proposal
A marketing proposal is an important document used by businesses to help secure funding, pitch services and outline plans for…
Effective Sample Proposal Email for Export Business
Writing an effective and persuasive proposal for your export business takes more than just knowing how to write a well-crafted…
How to Write a Research Paper Conclusion
Wrapping up a paper may seem simple enough, but if you don’t know how to write a research paper conclusion, it can sometimes be the hardest part of the paper-writing process.
In this guide, we share expert advice on how to write a research paper conclusion. We explain what to put (and what not to put) in a research paper conclusion, describe the different types of conclusions, and show you a few different research paper conclusion examples.
Give your writing extra polish Grammarly helps you communicate confidently Write with Grammarly
What is a research paper conclusion?
A research paper conclusion should summarize the main points of the paper, help readers contextualize the information, and as the last thing people read, be memorable and leave an impression. The research paper conclusion is the best chance for the author to both reiterate their main points and tie all the information together. All in all, it’s one of the most important parts of writing a research paper .
Research paper conclusions are generally one paragraph long , although more complicated topics may have longer conclusions. Although conclusions don’t normally present new information or data that wasn’t mentioned in the article, they often reframe the issues or offer a new perspective on the topic.
6 elements to include in a research paper conclusion
1 urgency or consequences.
A good conclusion answers the question, Why should the reader care? To connect the information to the reader, point out why your topic should matter to them. What happens if the problem persists, or how can the problem be solved? Feel free to mention common obstacles that feed the problem, implications of the data, or a recommended action for fixing it.
2 Reminder of thesis statement
Research paper conclusions are a great place to revisit your initial thesis statement , a sentence that encapsulates the main topic or problem your paper addresses. Thesis statements are discussed heavily at the beginning of a paper, but they can be even stronger when you reintroduce them at the end, after you’ve presented all your evidence.
3 Recap of main points
Although you don’t want to repeat yourself just for the sake of repetition, a recap of your main points can be helpful to your reader. Think of these as your paper’s “key takeaways,” the parts you want readers to remember. Save the details for the body text and use the conclusion to remind the reader of your strongest supporting evidence before they put your paper down.
4 Parallels to the introduction
The introduction and the conclusion are two sides of the same coin. A useful strategy to consider as you approach writing a research paper conclusion is to follow the same structure or address the same themes as you do in the introduction. For example, if you pose a question in your introduction, you can answer it directly in your conclusion. Keep this in mind when writing your research paper outline so you can properly plan both parts.
5 Limitations of the study
Although this isn’t applicable to every research paper, if you’re writing about actual tests or studies you’ve conducted, there are some ethical requirements for what you put in a research paper conclusion. Specifically, you’re expected to address the limitations of your study; these may include criticisms or flaws in your process that might have affected the results, such as using suboptimal participation groups. It’s best to call these out yourself rather than having a colleague call them out later.
6 Conciseness
Above all, every research paper conclusion should be written with conciseness . In general, conclusions should be short, so keep an eye on your word count as you write and aim to be as succinct as possible. You can expound on your topic in the body of your paper, but the conclusion is more for summarizing and recapping.
5 elements not to include in a research paper conclusion
1 dry summary.
Summarizing may be a crucial part of research paper conclusions, but it’s not the only part. Your conclusion should be more than just a summary; it should shape the way your reader thinks about your topic. Don’t just repeat the facts: Contextualize them for the reader, offer a new perspective, or suggest a step for solving the problem.
2 Generic or clichéd phrasing
Just like our advice for how to write a conclusion for a more general essay, you should also avoid generic or clichéd phrasing in research paper conclusions. Some words or phrases are overused in conclusions to the point of becoming trite. If you want your conclusion to seem fresh and well-written, avoid these phrases:
- in conclusion
- in summary or in summation
3 New data or evidence
Conclusions are not the place to introduce new evidence or data, especially if they are significant enough to reframe your entire argument. Hard facts and supporting evidence belong in the body of the paper; when the reader is absorbing this section, they’re still actively learning about the topic. By the conclusion, the reader is almost done forming their opinion. The conclusion is more about retrospection; introducing unexpected information there can frustrate readers just as much as it surprises them.
4 Ignoring negative results
It might be tempting to sugarcoat negative results or ignore them completely, but that will only harm your paper in the end. It’s always best to own up to any shortcomings in your research and admit them overtly. Your transparency not only helps validate your other research, but it also prevents critics from pointing out these same shortcomings in a more damaging way.
5 Ambiguous resolutions
Part of the appeal of research paper conclusions is the closure they bring; they’re supposed to wrap up arguments and clean up any loose ends. If your conclusion is ambiguous, it can give the impression that your research was incomplete, inadequate, or fundamentally flawed. Rather, write your conclusion with direct language and take a firm stance. Even if the data was inconclusive, state definitively that it was inconclusive. This kind of clarity in writing makes you sound both confident and competent.
Types of research paper conclusions with examples
Although there are no formal types of research paper conclusions, in general they tend to fall into the categories of summary , commentary , and new perspective . Bear in mind that these aren’t mutually exclusive—the same research paper conclusion can summarize and present a new perspective at the same time. Consider mixing and matching parts from each to create the unique blend your own paper needs.
Research paper conclusion example: Summary
The most common type of research paper conclusion is the straight summary, which succinctly repeats the key points of the paper. Keep in mind that a conclusion should do more than merely summarize, so be sure to add some lines that offer extra value or insight.
Like all great scientists, Isaac Newton was able to condense his ideas, however complicated, into the simple and brief laws discussed above. Newton’s law of inertia, his law of action/reaction, and his equation of F=ma —along with his law of gravity, also discussed above—combine to form the very foundation of classical mechanics. Without his laws, physics as we know it wouldn’t exist.
Research paper conclusion example: Commentary
The conclusion can be an opportunity for a writer to share their own personal views. This is especially useful in scientific writing, where the body of the paper is reserved for data and facts, and the conclusion is the only section for personal opinion. Just be careful about getting too subjective—this is still a research paper, not a personal essay .
As you can see by the cause-and-effect relationships pointed out above, an attack on journalism in one part of the world is an attack on journalism everywhere. Though the issue might seem distant, it’s actually right on our doorstep. All of us need to start standing up to the powers that censor the truth and defend the brave journalists who risk their lives to deliver it.
Research paper conclusion example: New perspective
Research paper conclusions are the perfect place to offer a new perspective on your topic. After presenting all your evidence and research, you can now draw connections and synthesize the data to create a unifying theory or new angle. The conclusion is the best place to include this, as the reader is already familiar with all the essential details.
You’ll notice that the studies we examined all come to the same conclusion: Remote working increases both production and employee satisfaction. Ultimately, the idea that remote work hinders productivity is a lie. In fact, the research suggests clearly that remote work should be increased, not done away with. If remote work becomes the norm instead of the exception, businesses could actually achieve new heights.
Research paper conclusion FAQs
What is the purpose of a research paper conclusion.
The purpose of a research paper conclusion is to summarize the main points of the paper, help the reader contextualize the information, and leave a lasting impression on the reader.
What should you include in a research paper conclusion?
A research paper conclusion should include a summary of the key points in your paper. Additionally, the conclusion can reframe the research in a way that’s easier for the reader to understand, often by adding urgency or explaining consequences. The conclusion is also used to mention the limitations of your research, such as an inadequate number of participants.
What are the different kinds of research paper conclusions?
Although there are no formal categories of research paper conclusion, in general research paper conclusions tend to fall into the categories of summary, commentary, and new perspective. Bear in mind that these aren’t mutually exclusive—the same research paper conclusion can both summarize the paper and present a new perspective.
A Guide to Writing Research Objectives and Aims
- Post author: Research Zone
- Post published: September 6, 2021
- Post category: Academic Advice / Writing Thesis
- Post comments: 0 Comments
Introduction
In determining the success of your research project, it is crucial to understand your research objectives and aim. However, it is, unfortunately, an aspect that many students struggle with, resulting in poor performance. As a result of their importance, if you suspect even the slightest possibility that you belong to this group of students, we strongly recommend that you read this article in its entirety.
In this article, we describe what research aim and objectives are, what distinguishes them from each other, and how to write them correctly.
What is Research Aim?
Research aims describe the purpose or main goal of a project. It help your reader to understand the focus of your research and gives them an idea of what you are trying to accomplish. Research aims are found in their own subsection under the introduction section of all research documents, regardless of whether they are dissertations or research papers.
In most situations, a research aim is expressed as a broad statement of the main goal of the study and doesn’t need to be more than one sentence. The exact format of the outline will vary depending on your preference, but it should all explain the purpose (context), your objective (the actual aim), and how you plan to accomplish it (highlights of your objectives).
What are Research Objectives?
Research aim defines what your study is going to answer, but research objectives outline how it’s going to answer it.
Those objectives break down each component of your research project into smaller portions, each representing a key section of it. Thus, almost all dissertations and theses are organized into numbered lists, with each item getting its own chapter.
Understanding the difference between research objectives and aim
The above explanation should make clear the difference between aim and objectives, but to clarify:
- Aim focus on what a project proposes to achieve; objectives focus on how the project will achieve its goal.
- The research objectives are more specific than the research aims.
- Objectives focus on the short-term and immediate outcomes of a project while aim focus on its long-term outcomes.
- It would be best to write an objective as a numbered list; research aim can be written in one sentence or short paragraph.
How to Write the Aim and Objectives of Research?
It is important to note that there is no definitive way to write clear objectives and aim for research. Researchers typically formulate their goals and objectives in so many different ways, and your supervisor may often influence the formulation based on their preferences.
Nevertheless, there are a few basic principles you should observe to ensure good practice; these principles are listed below.
Research Aim
The aim should include three parts, which address the following questions:
- Why is this research necessary?
- What is the purpose of this study?
- How will you accomplish it?
It is easier to accomplish writing your research aim by addressing each question using its own sentence, although you can combine sentences for each or write multiple sentences for each question, the important thing is to address each one individually.
The first question, why, provides context to your research project, the second question, what describes the aim of your research, and the last question, how, acts as an introduction to your objectives which will immediately follow.
Research Objectives
Each of your research objectives should have the following:
- Specific: Is the action you intend to take unclear, or is it focused and well-defined?
- Assessable: What method will you use to measure your progress and determine when you have accomplished your goal?
- Obtainable: Do you have the necessary support, resources, and facilities to execute the project?
- Relevant: Does the action you propose support the achievement of your research aim?
- Timebound: Are you realistically able to complete the action within the given timeframe?
Properly formulating the aims and objectives of your thesis, dissertation, or research paper is an integral part of its success. Your goals and objectives will determine what your research ultimately looks like in terms of scope, depth, and direction. You will gain clarity in your research and in the minds of your readers if you establish clear aims and objectives, with your aim stating what you wish to achieve, and your objectives indicating how you will do that. Moreover, you will have a clearer direction for your research if you take the time to establish your research objective and aim. This will lead to fewer future issues, but also to a more thorough and cohesive research project.
Feel free to reach out to us here if you need assistance in writing your objectives or aim for your thesis or research. You can also click here to learn more about the services provided.
Share this:
You might also like.
The Importance of Formatting for Academic Research
A Simple Explanation of Writing a Problem Statement
Research Abstract
Leave a reply cancel reply.
Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.
Notify me of follow-up comments by email.
Notify me of new posts by email.
- Postgraduate Services
- Undergraduates Services
- Publishing & Reseach Services
- Request quote
Want to create or adapt books like this? Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices.
11.1 The Purpose of Research Writing
Learning objectives.
- Identify reasons to research writing projects.
- Outline the steps of the research writing process.
Why was the Great Wall of China built? What have scientists learned about the possibility of life on Mars? What roles did women play in the American Revolution? How does the human brain create, store, and retrieve memories? Who invented the game of football, and how has it changed over the years?
You may know the answers to these questions off the top of your head. If you are like most people, however, you find answers to tough questions like these by searching the Internet, visiting the library, or asking others for information. To put it simply, you perform research.
Whether you are a scientist, an artist, a paralegal, or a parent, you probably perform research in your everyday life. When your boss, your instructor, or a family member asks you a question that you do not know the answer to, you locate relevant information, analyze your findings, and share your results. Locating, analyzing, and sharing information are key steps in the research process, and in this chapter, you will learn more about each step. By developing your research writing skills, you will prepare yourself to answer any question no matter how challenging.
Reasons for Research
When you perform research, you are essentially trying to solve a mystery—you want to know how something works or why something happened. In other words, you want to answer a question that you (and other people) have about the world. This is one of the most basic reasons for performing research.
But the research process does not end when you have solved your mystery. Imagine what would happen if a detective collected enough evidence to solve a criminal case, but she never shared her solution with the authorities. Presenting what you have learned from research can be just as important as performing the research. Research results can be presented in a variety of ways, but one of the most popular—and effective—presentation forms is the research paper . A research paper presents an original thesis, or purpose statement, about a topic and develops that thesis with information gathered from a variety of sources.
If you are curious about the possibility of life on Mars, for example, you might choose to research the topic. What will you do, though, when your research is complete? You will need a way to put your thoughts together in a logical, coherent manner. You may want to use the facts you have learned to create a narrative or to support an argument. And you may want to show the results of your research to your friends, your teachers, or even the editors of magazines and journals. Writing a research paper is an ideal way to organize thoughts, craft narratives or make arguments based on research, and share your newfound knowledge with the world.
Write a paragraph about a time when you used research in your everyday life. Did you look for the cheapest way to travel from Houston to Denver? Did you search for a way to remove gum from the bottom of your shoe? In your paragraph, explain what you wanted to research, how you performed the research, and what you learned as a result.
Research Writing and the Academic Paper
No matter what field of study you are interested in, you will most likely be asked to write a research paper during your academic career. For example, a student in an art history course might write a research paper about an artist’s work. Similarly, a student in a psychology course might write a research paper about current findings in childhood development.
Having to write a research paper may feel intimidating at first. After all, researching and writing a long paper requires a lot of time, effort, and organization. However, writing a research paper can also be a great opportunity to explore a topic that is particularly interesting to you. The research process allows you to gain expertise on a topic of your choice, and the writing process helps you remember what you have learned and understand it on a deeper level.
Research Writing at Work
Knowing how to write a good research paper is a valuable skill that will serve you well throughout your career. Whether you are developing a new product, studying the best way to perform a procedure, or learning about challenges and opportunities in your field of employment, you will use research techniques to guide your exploration. You may even need to create a written report of your findings. And because effective communication is essential to any company, employers seek to hire people who can write clearly and professionally.
Writing at Work
Take a few minutes to think about each of the following careers. How might each of these professionals use researching and research writing skills on the job?
- Medical laboratory technician
- Small business owner
- Information technology professional
- Freelance magazine writer
A medical laboratory technician or information technology professional might do research to learn about the latest technological developments in either of these fields. A small business owner might conduct research to learn about the latest trends in his or her industry. A freelance magazine writer may need to research a given topic to write an informed, up-to-date article.
Think about the job of your dreams. How might you use research writing skills to perform that job? Create a list of ways in which strong researching, organizing, writing, and critical thinking skills could help you succeed at your dream job. How might these skills help you obtain that job?
Steps of the Research Writing Process
How does a research paper grow from a folder of brainstormed notes to a polished final draft? No two projects are identical, but most projects follow a series of six basic steps.
These are the steps in the research writing process:
- Choose a topic.
- Plan and schedule time to research and write.
- Conduct research.
- Organize research and ideas.
- Draft your paper.
- Revise and edit your paper.
Each of these steps will be discussed in more detail later in this chapter. For now, though, we will take a brief look at what each step involves.
Step 1: Choosing a Topic
As you may recall from Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” , to narrow the focus of your topic, you may try freewriting exercises, such as brainstorming. You may also need to ask a specific research question —a broad, open-ended question that will guide your research—as well as propose a possible answer, or a working thesis . You may use your research question and your working thesis to create a research proposal . In a research proposal, you present your main research question, any related subquestions you plan to explore, and your working thesis.
Step 2: Planning and Scheduling
Before you start researching your topic, take time to plan your researching and writing schedule. Research projects can take days, weeks, or even months to complete. Creating a schedule is a good way to ensure that you do not end up being overwhelmed by all the work you have to do as the deadline approaches.
During this step of the process, it is also a good idea to plan the resources and organizational tools you will use to keep yourself on track throughout the project. Flowcharts, calendars, and checklists can all help you stick to your schedule. See Chapter 11 “Writing from Research: What Will I Learn?” , Section 11.2 “Steps in Developing a Research Proposal” for an example of a research schedule.
Step 3: Conducting Research
When going about your research, you will likely use a variety of sources—anything from books and periodicals to video presentations and in-person interviews.
Your sources will include both primary sources and secondary sources . Primary sources provide firsthand information or raw data. For example, surveys, in-person interviews, and historical documents are primary sources. Secondary sources, such as biographies, literary reviews, or magazine articles, include some analysis or interpretation of the information presented. As you conduct research, you will take detailed, careful notes about your discoveries. You will also evaluate the reliability of each source you find.
Step 4: Organizing Research and the Writer’s Ideas
When your research is complete, you will organize your findings and decide which sources to cite in your paper. You will also have an opportunity to evaluate the evidence you have collected and determine whether it supports your thesis, or the focus of your paper. You may decide to adjust your thesis or conduct additional research to ensure that your thesis is well supported.
Remember, your working thesis is not set in stone. You can and should change your working thesis throughout the research writing process if the evidence you find does not support your original thesis. Never try to force evidence to fit your argument. For example, your working thesis is “Mars cannot support life-forms.” Yet, a week into researching your topic, you find an article in the New York Times detailing new findings of bacteria under the Martian surface. Instead of trying to argue that bacteria are not life forms, you might instead alter your thesis to “Mars cannot support complex life-forms.”
Step 5: Drafting Your Paper
Now you are ready to combine your research findings with your critical analysis of the results in a rough draft. You will incorporate source materials into your paper and discuss each source thoughtfully in relation to your thesis or purpose statement.
When you cite your reference sources, it is important to pay close attention to standard conventions for citing sources in order to avoid plagiarism , or the practice of using someone else’s words without acknowledging the source. Later in this chapter, you will learn how to incorporate sources in your paper and avoid some of the most common pitfalls of attributing information.
Step 6: Revising and Editing Your Paper
In the final step of the research writing process, you will revise and polish your paper. You might reorganize your paper’s structure or revise for unity and cohesion, ensuring that each element in your paper flows into the next logically and naturally. You will also make sure that your paper uses an appropriate and consistent tone.
Once you feel confident in the strength of your writing, you will edit your paper for proper spelling, grammar, punctuation, mechanics, and formatting. When you complete this final step, you will have transformed a simple idea or question into a thoroughly researched and well-written paper you can be proud of!
Review the steps of the research writing process. Then answer the questions on your own sheet of paper.
- In which steps of the research writing process are you allowed to change your thesis?
- In step 2, which types of information should you include in your project schedule?
- What might happen if you eliminated step 4 from the research writing process?
Key Takeaways
- People undertake research projects throughout their academic and professional careers in order to answer specific questions, share their findings with others, increase their understanding of challenging topics, and strengthen their researching, writing, and analytical skills.
- The research writing process generally comprises six steps: choosing a topic, scheduling and planning time for research and writing, conducting research, organizing research and ideas, drafting a paper, and revising and editing the paper.
Writing for Success by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.
Dissertation
Research Paper
- Testimonials
Research Papers
Dissertations
Term Papers
The Importance of Correct Objectives for Research Paper Methodology
The research paper is not just a set of opinions and personal thought on topics the researcher wishes to examine and dissect. It is a study done in a manner that requires thorough research using legitimate references such as books study materials, and past work from experts to come up with a reliable and accurate dissertation of the selected topic. There is also a research paper format and research paper outline to follow. It is not enough that the researcher scans a single Essay methodology example to have an idea what to write. The general requirements of a Research paper will include the topic, sources, and of course, the Methodology.
Some may ask: “ what is a research methodology ? And what are the research methodology objectives ? ” The research methodology is an integral part of the paper. The research methodology objectives include ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the document to be presented by using the appropriate data gathering resources and the formulas or statistical tools that will be employed.
Quick Navigation through the Research Paper
Methodology page.
- Download Free Research Paper Methodology Sample
How to Do a Good Research Methodology
How Can We Help
Formulate Your Research Objectives
Your research paper parts, formatting a research paper, download free sample of research paper methodology.
Novices would often ask about what is a research methodology . To come up with a good research methodology, the researcher needs to be able to describe the different research methods used. The term Research Methods refers to the techniques one employed to collect all needed data for the selected project. Looking at a number of Essay methodology examples , research methodology samples , scientific research methodology , and some interesting research paper topics that makes use of different research paper format as reference may also help, but then again, research methodology have more specific needs that will necessitate the researcher to look for several possible research paper topics .
Prior to writing the Dissertation Methodology part, the researcher needs to have a concise concept of the different steps and methods of gathering data. The researcher may make use of some of the following research methods to come up with a more scientific research methodology :
- Experimental Research
- Action Research
- Participant Observation
- Statistical Analysis
- Classification Research
To determine the best scientific research methodology to utilize, it is best to seek the advice and work with the Research Advisor to verify the kind of research technique employed specifically within one’s field of expertise or discipline. It also helps to see a research methodology sample and a research paper outline as a guide. Also, the researcher needs to elaborate on the reasons behind selecting a specific method as well as the rationale as to why the other methods were vetoed, this is best done by assessing and presenting the pros and cons because this also needs to be stated in the dissertation methodology section.
To assist the novice researcher, the following rules may be considered when writing one’s dissertation methodology:
- The paper’s dissertation methodology should not be limited to a general description or overview of the methods employed. One should initially discuss the problem that needs to be addressed and a more specific inquiry that the researcher aims to answer.
- The Dissertation methodology must be written in a manner that is concise, clear, and precise. The researcher needs to provide all the information on the methods used; making sure that it can be duplicated by the reader in a separate setting.
- The researcher needs to justify the Research Methods utilized and described in the material. Again, emphasize the pros and cons of the various research methods with respect to the discipline of the research topic.
Do you need help with your research methodology format ? Often asking “ what is a research methodology ” and “ what is a research paper format ”?
Then you are at the right place!
We are P rof E ssays.com and we provide you with the most professional service rendered by our professional writers. We can present you with a research methodology sample , an essay methodology example , or a descriptive research paper based on whatever format you’ll need, whether it’s an MLA format research paper or an APA style research paper , we got it all here!
Here at P rof E ssays.com , we provide you with concepts on what is a research methodology , your research methodology objectives , some research methodology sample using scientific research methodology on various research paper topics with credible research paper formats, cover page , research paper components that employs either MLA format research paper or an APA style research paper .
We can also offer descriptive research paper , abstract , and research paper outline as we are the most comprehensive kind of service that not commonly seen in other sites. Check out our essay samples .
We have dedicated professional writers who produce all original materials that goes through the most rigorous anti plagiarism software prior to release. Aside from providing quality paper, we deliver your custom order on time, but we also answer your urgent needs as we are capable of providing you with a paper within 8 hours when emergency arises. Aside from which, we also offer an option to have your paper revised for unlimited number of times, for free!
With P rof E ssays.com your concerns will never go unanswered as we have a customer support team to constantly attend to you 24/ 7! We also guarantee the security of ALL internet financial transactions and provide our customers with 100% confidentiality in our service.
So, look no further if you are searching for someone to write your paper, with our performance and reasonable rates – complying with your academic requirements becomes a breeze.
The next step is making research methodology objectives. In making the research objectives, one may contemplate on the following tips:
- Make sure that the research objectives being formulated are clear and concise; also, they need to be related to the topic of the research. One of the things that need to be assessed in the Research Material is the consistency and congruency of the topic with the objectives and questions presented. Also, constructing the right question will ensure that the correct information regarding the topic can be obtained.
- Establish the aim of the Research material, making sure that the objectives jive with it. It serves to emphasize the purpose of the research material and address the long- term results, meaning, they need to mirror the expectations of the Research. Once again, with regards to consistency, the aims of the project should be connected to the objectives
- Employ Measurable, Attainable, and Realistic principles in the constructing the objectives. The Objectives should provide the researcher and the Research Assessors with indicators as to how the researcher will tackle the Related Literature, Essay methodology example and theories on the selected topic
- It should grant the researcher with a plan or strategy on how to handle the collection and processing of the research information.
The Research paper outline generally follows the following parts:
TITLE PAGE – the title page reflects the research paper topics and the specific issue the researchers wishes to discuss and examine. The researcher may forego the cover page of the research paper unless otherwise indicated by the Adviser or Teacher. This is also known as the cover page
ABSTRACT – It serves as a summary or overview of the Research material and usually follows the cover page , It may be written in a single paragraph where the reader/ assessor will be presented with the reason behind the research, the approach to the existing problem, the results of the study, and the conclusion of the study. One can safely say that the Abstract is the sum total of the material.
INTRODUCTION – research paper components in any reference book will never be approved without an Introduction . This enables the reader to understand the rationale behind the research work, and should not be more than 2 pages in length.
BODY – This may be further subdivided in to two or more sections and contains the bulk of the collected information, the manner in which they were acquired, the references, and the research methods used to some up with a solution/ conclusion.
CONCLUSION – it showcases the results of the study based on the treatment of the collected data. It is the summary of the Research work and highlights the solution of the presented problem and the more specific sub- problems.
APPENDICES – this refers to the collection of supplementary books or other legitimate sources of information used in the research paper which may be statistical or explanatory in nature.
BIBLIOGRAPHY – Is the list of writings utilized by the researcher, it includes information like the title of the books used, the name of the author(s), the publisher, date of issue, etc.
To come up with a descriptive research paper that meets the needs of the assessor, the research paper format may make us of the two most commonly employed format and the research paper components may vary. These are The American Psychological Association (APA) format or the Modern Language Association (MLA) format.
The APA style research paper is a descriptive research paper most often used when a research topic is within the discipline of the social sciences or when the researcher needs to cite social sciences sources. The guidelines of an APA format will include encoding the material double- spaced on 8.5”x11” paper with I inch margins on every side. APA style research paper also recommends the use of Times New Roman, font size 12. The APA format also has 4 major parts, the research paper components will include:
- Title page -it has the title of the research material (which should only be around 12 words), the name of the researcher (excluding the degrees and titles like Engr., Dr.), and the academic institution the researcher is affiliated with.
- Abstract- Contains the summary or overview of the whole research
- Body- contains the bulk of the study.
- References- the list of books the researcher used.
On the other hand, the MLA format is most often used to write research papers within the field of Humanities and Liberal Arts.
The MLA format research paper is a descriptive research paper that provides very specific rules on the formatting of materials/ documents and enables the writers to cite their references or sources through a system that makes use of parenthetical citations, through this system, the writer/ researcher is able to build his credibility by showcasing their references, gives credit to the author of their source, and protects the researcher from any allegations of plagiarism
The MLA format research paper is as follows:
- Encoding the material and printing it out on a letter- sized paper (8.5”x11”)
- Double- spacing the texts of the material using the Times New Roman Font, font size 12.
- Margins should be 1” on all the sides and making use of the tab bar
- Creating headers in the upper right hand corner that number the pages one after the other
- Title page is not a necessity unless otherwise indicated by the Adviser, and if the title is required, Use the Title Case or Standard Capitalization
Looking for an exceptional company to do some custom writing for you? Look no further than ProfEssays.com! You simply place an order with the writing instructions you have been given, and before you know it, your essay or term paper, completely finished and unique, will be completed and sent back to you. At ProfEssays.com, we have over 500 highly educated, professional writers standing by waiting to help you with any writing needs you may have! We understand students have plenty on their plates, which is why we love to help them out. Let us do the work for you, so you have time to do what you want to do!
Tags: apa research paper , custom essay , custom research paper , interesting topics for research paper , mla research paper , research paper , research paper methodology , research paper outline , research paper topics
- Customers' Testimonials
- Custom Book Report
- Help with Case Studies
- Personal Essays
- Custom Movie Review
- Narrative Essays
- Argumentative Essays
- Homework Help
- Essay Format
- Essay Outline
- Essay Topics
- Essay Questions
- How to Write a Research Paper
- Research Paper Format
- Research Paper Introduction
- Research Paper Outline
- Research Paper Abstract
- Research Paper Topics
Client Lounge
Deadline approaching.
We use cookies to enhance our website for you. Proceed if you agree to this policy or learn more about it.
- Essay Database >
- Essay Examples >
- Essays Topics >
- Essay on Time
Just-In-Time (JIT): Example Research Paper By An Expert Writer To Follow
Type of paper: Research Paper
Topic: Time , Production , Inventory , Organization , Manufacture , Business , System , Manufacturing
Words: 1300
Published: 03/08/2023
ORDER PAPER LIKE THIS
Just-in-time (JIT)
Just in Time in production may also be referred to as the Toyota production system or Just in time production. This is a method whose primary objectives is to decrease flow periods within manufacturing as well as response time from customers and suppliers. It originated in Japan in the 1960s at a Toyota factory. It was mitigated to the western industries in the 1980s where many manufacturing industries practiced it. Just In time manufacturing strategy struggles to advance organization returns on a business venture by decreasing the procedure inventory and the linked costs. This just in time in production process depends on signs and Kanban amid points in the method and process to meet its objectives. These signals and Kanban tells when to make the production share. This Kanban’s are permits which could be simple visual signs. According to Monden (2011) the Kanban relationship is used in the description of relationships between suppliers in respect to the quantities delivered. This could either be absence or presence of share of a shelf. Just in time in production emphasizes on continuous development when implemented adequately and correctly. It can improve and progress returns of production organizations investments, efficiency, and excellence.
Practicality of JIT
The mechanism for JIT is often misunderstood. For example, active application of JIT is never independent of another important part of a production strategy, or it can terminate with opposite and negative results. Recently, manufacturers and producers have tried predicting techniques including application of a trailing thirteen-week average which is the best predictor for JIT systems. Some researchers have argued that JIT based on the assumption of steadiness is a flawed philosophy. Just in time production philosophy is a simple inventory strategy which exposes hidden costs of maintaining inventory. This does not make it a simple resolution for an organization to accept. The organization should trail a collection of new techniques to control and manage the results of alteration. The inventory is observed as experiencing expenses rather than adding or installing value, which is against past accounts. This motivates organizations to remove the inventory that does not recompense for production matters and continuously develops the system to require less inventory and also to allow stock management to maintain stock keeping. Management keeps an inventory record to hide production issues which includes backups at work centers, the reliability of the machine, and variability of processes, inflexibility of workers and equipment including inadequacy of capacity. JIT focuses on having the correct material, at the proper time and place and the exact quantity. As shown by Monden (2011) there are far reaching impacts on the applicability and use of the JIT system on an organisation as it affects the industry in different perspectives. JIT involves making only what is desired when it is desirable, and the quantity required. For example, it is efficient to manufacture thousands of vehicles at minimal costs. It is also advantageous to come up with a detailed manufacturing strategy which involves parts of procurement. Supply what is wanted, when wanted and the quantity wanted according to the production plan to eliminate waste and unwanted requirements resulting in improved productivity.
Analysis of JIT.
Transaction cost method-Just In Time decreases inventory in an organization. However, an organization may just be subcontracting their inventory inputs to suppliers regardless of whether they have JIT or not. Based on research done in Japan where providers were found to be charging JIT customers a five-percent price on their products. Environmental concerns- Numerous daily deliveries were usually made by bicycle before the introductory of JIT, with increased quantity requiring vans and Lorries. The potential land problems were concerning burning of fossils fuels which violated just in time waste strategies. Management of wastes inclusive of employee’s efforts are critical in the production process. According to Javadian et. al (2013) removal of materials that do not aid in the improvements and inhibit performance is a necessary element in the JIT process Price instability JIT discreetly assumed an input level cost steadiness that removes the wants to buy shares in advance of cost increases. Wherever there is predictable growth in input prices, it is desired to restore inventory. JIT quality volatility implicitly takes up data parts making quality remain constant with time. An organization or business may come up with high-quality products. A solution is to function with the selected suppliers to assist the company to improve the JIT processes to reduce costs and variations. Long term price agreement are discussed and agreed on the quality levels of products to be made the responsibility of the supplier. This involves the fixing of volatile quality based on a quality circle. Demand stability. It is argued that the benefits of comparatively stable market, which aids to guarantee well-organized capital consumption rates. Without significant steady demand, just in time becomes unmanageable in extraordinary investment cost manufacture. As indicated by Mark (2012) Just in Time assists in the improvement of sharing through a communication forum that checks on the customers’ demands. The supply stability. For example, the railway strikes in the US in 1992 resulted in failure to of a worker plant since there was no supply of materials. Implementation design of JIT and strategy process flow Process – Redesign and relay out for flow process, Decrease lot extents – Connection methods – Equilibrium workplace volume.
Some of JIT benefits and objectives includes;
There are less investments on inventories as the levels of inventories are reduced as indicated by Javadian et. al (2013) There is an improvement inflow of goods from warehouse to shelves. Individual and small part ration scopes minimize portion delay inventories simplifying inventory movement and organization. Efficient use of employees with several skills. Workers who can work on diverse parts of the progression permits the organization to move workforces where they are desirable. Manufacture planning and work hour steadiness coordinated and harmonized with demand. Products are made only when there is demand. This enables the company to save money for not paying workers overtime or allowing employees to concentrate on extra works or take part in teaching. The amplified relationship emphasizes on the supply. Companies with no inventory do not have source system problems to come up with the shortage part making supplier relationship that is critical to consider. Purchases arise at intervals which are regular and even through the manufacturing period. The resource is coordinated with manufacture demand and the maximum inventory quantity.
Just in time production minimizes storing space desirable in a warehouse.
There is a lesser chance of inventory contravention or perishing. Conclusion and Recommendations. In conclusion, the potential relationship between organization learning and just in time production is detected. Concepts, process and issues of the business education including just in time production should be reviewed in any organization. The critical success parameters and the path to just in time production progress should be discussed and implemented correctly in any organization. Analysis and discussion of how these concepts are interconnected from both theoretical and practical considerations are of great importance. JIT processes require the use of constant coordination and flow of information for effective implementation as indicated by Mark (2012). It is argued that the tool focused and efficient based just in time production is similar to business looping as it concentrates mainly on relationship improvement and piece learning using a limited just in time production tools and resources.
Monden, Y. (2011). Toyota production system: an integrated approach to just-in-time. CRC Press. Droge, C., Vickery, S. K., & Jacobs, M. A. (2012). Does supply chain integration mediate the relationships between product/process strategy and service performance? An empirical study. International Journal of Production Economics, 137(2), 250-262. Javadian Kootanaee, A., Babu, K. N., & Talari, H. F. (2013). Just-in-time manufacturing system: from introduction to implement. Nagendra and Talari, Hamid Foladi, Just-In-Time Manufacturing System: From Introduction to Implement (March 1, 2013).
Cite this page
Share with friends using:
Removal Request
Finished papers: 1318
This paper is created by writer with
ID 286892393
If you want your paper to be:
Well-researched, fact-checked, and accurate
Original, fresh, based on current data
Eloquently written and immaculately formatted
275 words = 1 page double-spaced
Password recovery email has been sent to [email protected]
Use your new password to log in
You are not register!
By clicking Register, you agree to our Terms of Service and that you have read our Privacy Policy .
Now you can download documents directly to your device!
Check your email! An email with your password has already been sent to you! Now you can download documents directly to your device.
Short on a deadline?
Don't waste time. Get help with 11% off using code - GETWOWED
No, thanks! I'm fine with missing my deadline
Writing an Abstract for Your Research Paper
Definition and Purpose of Abstracts
An abstract is a short summary of your (published or unpublished) research paper, usually about a paragraph (c. 6-7 sentences, 150-250 words) long. A well-written abstract serves multiple purposes:
- an abstract lets readers get the gist or essence of your paper or article quickly, in order to decide whether to read the full paper;
- an abstract prepares readers to follow the detailed information, analyses, and arguments in your full paper;
- and, later, an abstract helps readers remember key points from your paper.
It’s also worth remembering that search engines and bibliographic databases use abstracts, as well as the title, to identify key terms for indexing your published paper. So what you include in your abstract and in your title are crucial for helping other researchers find your paper or article.
If you are writing an abstract for a course paper, your professor may give you specific guidelines for what to include and how to organize your abstract. Similarly, academic journals often have specific requirements for abstracts. So in addition to following the advice on this page, you should be sure to look for and follow any guidelines from the course or journal you’re writing for.
The Contents of an Abstract
Abstracts contain most of the following kinds of information in brief form. The body of your paper will, of course, develop and explain these ideas much more fully. As you will see in the samples below, the proportion of your abstract that you devote to each kind of information—and the sequence of that information—will vary, depending on the nature and genre of the paper that you are summarizing in your abstract. And in some cases, some of this information is implied, rather than stated explicitly. The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association , which is widely used in the social sciences, gives specific guidelines for what to include in the abstract for different kinds of papers—for empirical studies, literature reviews or meta-analyses, theoretical papers, methodological papers, and case studies.
Here are the typical kinds of information found in most abstracts:
- the context or background information for your research; the general topic under study; the specific topic of your research
- the central questions or statement of the problem your research addresses
- what’s already known about this question, what previous research has done or shown
- the main reason(s) , the exigency, the rationale , the goals for your research—Why is it important to address these questions? Are you, for example, examining a new topic? Why is that topic worth examining? Are you filling a gap in previous research? Applying new methods to take a fresh look at existing ideas or data? Resolving a dispute within the literature in your field? . . .
- your research and/or analytical methods
- your main findings , results , or arguments
- the significance or implications of your findings or arguments.
Your abstract should be intelligible on its own, without a reader’s having to read your entire paper. And in an abstract, you usually do not cite references—most of your abstract will describe what you have studied in your research and what you have found and what you argue in your paper. In the body of your paper, you will cite the specific literature that informs your research.
When to Write Your Abstract
Although you might be tempted to write your abstract first because it will appear as the very first part of your paper, it’s a good idea to wait to write your abstract until after you’ve drafted your full paper, so that you know what you’re summarizing.
What follows are some sample abstracts in published papers or articles, all written by faculty at UW-Madison who come from a variety of disciplines. We have annotated these samples to help you see the work that these authors are doing within their abstracts.
Choosing Verb Tenses within Your Abstract
The social science sample (Sample 1) below uses the present tense to describe general facts and interpretations that have been and are currently true, including the prevailing explanation for the social phenomenon under study. That abstract also uses the present tense to describe the methods, the findings, the arguments, and the implications of the findings from their new research study. The authors use the past tense to describe previous research.
The humanities sample (Sample 2) below uses the past tense to describe completed events in the past (the texts created in the pulp fiction industry in the 1970s and 80s) and uses the present tense to describe what is happening in those texts, to explain the significance or meaning of those texts, and to describe the arguments presented in the article.
The science samples (Samples 3 and 4) below use the past tense to describe what previous research studies have done and the research the authors have conducted, the methods they have followed, and what they have found. In their rationale or justification for their research (what remains to be done), they use the present tense. They also use the present tense to introduce their study (in Sample 3, “Here we report . . .”) and to explain the significance of their study (In Sample 3, This reprogramming . . . “provides a scalable cell source for. . .”).
Sample Abstract 1
From the social sciences.
Reporting new findings about the reasons for increasing economic homogamy among spouses
Gonalons-Pons, Pilar, and Christine R. Schwartz. “Trends in Economic Homogamy: Changes in Assortative Mating or the Division of Labor in Marriage?” Demography , vol. 54, no. 3, 2017, pp. 985-1005.
![“The growing economic resemblance of spouses has contributed to rising inequality by increasing the number of couples in which there are two high- or two low-earning partners. [Annotation for the previous sentence: The first sentence introduces the topic under study (the “economic resemblance of spouses”). This sentence also implies the question underlying this research study: what are the various causes—and the interrelationships among them—for this trend?] The dominant explanation for this trend is increased assortative mating. Previous research has primarily relied on cross-sectional data and thus has been unable to disentangle changes in assortative mating from changes in the division of spouses’ paid labor—a potentially key mechanism given the dramatic rise in wives’ labor supply. [Annotation for the previous two sentences: These next two sentences explain what previous research has demonstrated. By pointing out the limitations in the methods that were used in previous studies, they also provide a rationale for new research.] We use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to decompose the increase in the correlation between spouses’ earnings and its contribution to inequality between 1970 and 2013 into parts due to (a) changes in assortative mating, and (b) changes in the division of paid labor. [Annotation for the previous sentence: The data, research and analytical methods used in this new study.] Contrary to what has often been assumed, the rise of economic homogamy and its contribution to inequality is largely attributable to changes in the division of paid labor rather than changes in sorting on earnings or earnings potential. Our findings indicate that the rise of economic homogamy cannot be explained by hypotheses centered on meeting and matching opportunities, and they show where in this process inequality is generated and where it is not.” (p. 985) [Annotation for the previous two sentences: The major findings from and implications and significance of this study.]](https://writing.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/535/2019/08/Abstract-1.png "how to write an objective for a research paper")
Sample Abstract 2
From the humanities.
Analyzing underground pulp fiction publications in Tanzania, this article makes an argument about the cultural significance of those publications
Emily Callaci. “Street Textuality: Socialism, Masculinity, and Urban Belonging in Tanzania’s Pulp Fiction Publishing Industry, 1975-1985.” Comparative Studies in Society and History , vol. 59, no. 1, 2017, pp. 183-210.
![“From the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s, a network of young urban migrant men created an underground pulp fiction publishing industry in the city of Dar es Salaam. [Annotation for the previous sentence: The first sentence introduces the context for this research and announces the topic under study.] As texts that were produced in the underground economy of a city whose trajectory was increasingly charted outside of formalized planning and investment, these novellas reveal more than their narrative content alone. These texts were active components in the urban social worlds of the young men who produced them. They reveal a mode of urbanism otherwise obscured by narratives of decolonization, in which urban belonging was constituted less by national citizenship than by the construction of social networks, economic connections, and the crafting of reputations. This article argues that pulp fiction novellas of socialist era Dar es Salaam are artifacts of emergent forms of male sociability and mobility. In printing fictional stories about urban life on pilfered paper and ink, and distributing their texts through informal channels, these writers not only described urban communities, reputations, and networks, but also actually created them.” (p. 210) [Annotation for the previous sentences: The remaining sentences in this abstract interweave other essential information for an abstract for this article. The implied research questions: What do these texts mean? What is their historical and cultural significance, produced at this time, in this location, by these authors? The argument and the significance of this analysis in microcosm: these texts “reveal a mode or urbanism otherwise obscured . . .”; and “This article argues that pulp fiction novellas. . . .” This section also implies what previous historical research has obscured. And through the details in its argumentative claims, this section of the abstract implies the kinds of methods the author has used to interpret the novellas and the concepts under study (e.g., male sociability and mobility, urban communities, reputations, network. . . ).]](https://writing.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/535/2019/08/Abstract-2.png "how to write an objective for a research paper")
Sample Abstract/Summary 3
From the sciences.
Reporting a new method for reprogramming adult mouse fibroblasts into induced cardiac progenitor cells
Lalit, Pratik A., Max R. Salick, Daryl O. Nelson, Jayne M. Squirrell, Christina M. Shafer, Neel G. Patel, Imaan Saeed, Eric G. Schmuck, Yogananda S. Markandeya, Rachel Wong, Martin R. Lea, Kevin W. Eliceiri, Timothy A. Hacker, Wendy C. Crone, Michael Kyba, Daniel J. Garry, Ron Stewart, James A. Thomson, Karen M. Downs, Gary E. Lyons, and Timothy J. Kamp. “Lineage Reprogramming of Fibroblasts into Proliferative Induced Cardiac Progenitor Cells by Defined Factors.” Cell Stem Cell , vol. 18, 2016, pp. 354-367.
![“Several studies have reported reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes; however, reprogramming into proliferative induced cardiac progenitor cells (iCPCs) remains to be accomplished. [Annotation for the previous sentence: The first sentence announces the topic under study, summarizes what’s already known or been accomplished in previous research, and signals the rationale and goals are for the new research and the problem that the new research solves: How can researchers reprogram fibroblasts into iCPCs?] Here we report that a combination of 11 or 5 cardiac factors along with canonical Wnt and JAK/STAT signaling reprogrammed adult mouse cardiac, lung, and tail tip fibroblasts into iCPCs. The iCPCs were cardiac mesoderm-restricted progenitors that could be expanded extensively while maintaining multipo-tency to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells in vitro. Moreover, iCPCs injected into the cardiac crescent of mouse embryos differentiated into cardiomyocytes. iCPCs transplanted into the post-myocardial infarction mouse heart improved survival and differentiated into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. [Annotation for the previous four sentences: The methods the researchers developed to achieve their goal and a description of the results.] Lineage reprogramming of adult somatic cells into iCPCs provides a scalable cell source for drug discovery, disease modeling, and cardiac regenerative therapy.” (p. 354) [Annotation for the previous sentence: The significance or implications—for drug discovery, disease modeling, and therapy—of this reprogramming of adult somatic cells into iCPCs.]](https://writing.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/535/2019/08/Abstract-3.png "how to write an objective for a research paper")
Sample Abstract 4, a Structured Abstract
Reporting results about the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in managing acute bacterial sinusitis, from a rigorously controlled study
Note: This journal requires authors to organize their abstract into four specific sections, with strict word limits. Because the headings for this structured abstract are self-explanatory, we have chosen not to add annotations to this sample abstract.
Wald, Ellen R., David Nash, and Jens Eickhoff. “Effectiveness of Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium in the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis in Children.” Pediatrics , vol. 124, no. 1, 2009, pp. 9-15.
“OBJECTIVE: The role of antibiotic therapy in managing acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS) in children is controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of high-dose amoxicillin/potassium clavulanate in the treatment of children diagnosed with ABS.
METHODS : This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Children 1 to 10 years of age with a clinical presentation compatible with ABS were eligible for participation. Patients were stratified according to age (<6 or ≥6 years) and clinical severity and randomly assigned to receive either amoxicillin (90 mg/kg) with potassium clavulanate (6.4 mg/kg) or placebo. A symptom survey was performed on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 20, and 30. Patients were examined on day 14. Children’s conditions were rated as cured, improved, or failed according to scoring rules.
RESULTS: Two thousand one hundred thirty-five children with respiratory complaints were screened for enrollment; 139 (6.5%) had ABS. Fifty-eight patients were enrolled, and 56 were randomly assigned. The mean age was 6630 months. Fifty (89%) patients presented with persistent symptoms, and 6 (11%) presented with nonpersistent symptoms. In 24 (43%) children, the illness was classified as mild, whereas in the remaining 32 (57%) children it was severe. Of the 28 children who received the antibiotic, 14 (50%) were cured, 4 (14%) were improved, 4(14%) experienced treatment failure, and 6 (21%) withdrew. Of the 28children who received placebo, 4 (14%) were cured, 5 (18%) improved, and 19 (68%) experienced treatment failure. Children receiving the antibiotic were more likely to be cured (50% vs 14%) and less likely to have treatment failure (14% vs 68%) than children receiving the placebo.
CONCLUSIONS : ABS is a common complication of viral upper respiratory infections. Amoxicillin/potassium clavulanate results in significantly more cures and fewer failures than placebo, according to parental report of time to resolution.” (9)
Some Excellent Advice about Writing Abstracts for Basic Science Research Papers, by Professor Adriano Aguzzi from the Institute of Neuropathology at the University of Zurich:
Academic and Professional Writing
This is an accordion element with a series of buttons that open and close related content panels.
Analysis Papers
Reading Poetry
A Short Guide to Close Reading for Literary Analysis
Using Literary Quotations
Play Reviews
Writing a Rhetorical Précis to Analyze Nonfiction Texts
Incorporating Interview Data
Grant Proposals
Planning and Writing a Grant Proposal: The Basics
Additional Resources for Grants and Proposal Writing
Job Materials and Application Essays
Writing Personal Statements for Ph.D. Programs
- Before you begin: useful tips for writing your essay
- Guided brainstorming exercises
- Get more help with your essay
- Frequently Asked Questions
Resume Writing Tips
CV Writing Tips
Cover Letters
Business Letters
Proposals and Dissertations
Resources for Proposal Writers
Resources for Dissertators
Research Papers
Planning and Writing Research Papers
Quoting and Paraphrasing
Writing Annotated Bibliographies
Creating Poster Presentations
Thank-You Notes
Advice for Students Writing Thank-You Notes to Donors
Reading for a Review
Critical Reviews
Writing a Review of Literature
Scientific Reports
Scientific Report Format
Sample Lab Assignment
Writing for the Web
Writing an Effective Blog Post
Writing for Social Media: A Guide for Academics
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
This is where your research aim and objectives come in. Step 1: Decide on a general aim Your research aim should reflect your research problem and should be relatively broad. Example: Research aim To assess the safety features and response times of self-driving cars. Step 2: Decide on specific objectives
Make Your Research Objectives SMART A great way to refine your research objectives is to use SMART criteria. Borrowed from the world of project management, there are many versions of this system. However, we're going to focus on developing specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and timebound objectives.
Here are three simple steps that you can follow to identify and write your research objectives: 1. Pinpoint the major focus of your research The first step to writing your research objectives is to pinpoint the major focus of your research project. In this step, make sure to clearly describe what you aim to achieve through your research.
A research aim can be written in a single sentence or short paragraph; research objectives should be written as a numbered list. How to Write Aims and Objectives Before we discuss how to write a clear set of research aims and objectives, we should make it clear that there is no single way they must be written.
A research objective must be achievable, i.e., it must be framed keeping in mind the available time, infrastructure required for research, and other resources. Before forming a research objective, you should read about all the developments in your area of research and find gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed.
The five steps in this article will help you put together an effective introduction for either type of research paper. Table of contents Step 1: Introduce your topic Step 2: Describe the background Step 3: Establish your research problem Step 4: Specify your objective (s) Step 5: Map out your paper Research paper introduction examples
The research aims, objectives and research questions (collectively called the "golden thread") are arguably the most important thing you need to get right when you're crafting a research proposal, dissertation or thesis.We receive questions almost every day about this "holy trinity" of research and there's certainly a lot of confusion out there, so we've crafted this post to help ...
You could always state in your research proposal that you plan to design future experiments or studies to answer additional questions. Most experiments leave unanswered questions and subsequent studies try to tackle them. 5 Divide your objectives into 1 general and 3-4 specific ones.
(PDF) How to write Research objectives How to write Research objectives Authors: Abid Hussain Institute of Strategic Studies Content uploaded by Abid Hussain Author content Content may...
Be Brief Remember that the objective is the purpose of the entire paper, not the entire paper itself. Don't try to cram all of your research, sources, and evidence into one or two...
Answer: Research objectives summarize the accomplishments a researcher wishes to achieve through the project and provides direction to the study. Before forming a research objective, you should read about all the developments in your area of research and find gaps in knowledge that need to be addressed. You may use these gaps in literature to ...
Lesson Plan 1: Research paper Writing: An Overview . Objectives: -SWBAT identify parts that comprise a scientific research paper -SWBAT understand some different ways scientists develop ideas for their research -SWBAT understand the advantages of conducting a literature search -SWBAT understand the process of writing a research paper
Composing a perfect Objective Research Paper is, well, something otherworldly. Yet, with the WePapers.com free repository of professionally written Objective Research Paper examples, the job is entirely viable. Browse our repository, locate a piece that complies with your underlying requirements and use it as a source of content presentation ...
A research proposal objective is a concise statement that outlines the purpose of a proposed project. The objective also defines how it intends to answer the identified research question. It should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). It typically includes an explanation of why this research must be conducted ...
6 Conciseness. Above all, every research paper conclusion should be written with conciseness. In general, conclusions should be short, so keep an eye on your word count as you write and aim to be as succinct as possible. You can expound on your topic in the body of your paper, but the conclusion is more for summarizing and recapping.
Aim focus on what a project proposes to achieve; objectives focus on how the project will achieve its goal. The research objectives are more specific than the research aims. Objectives focus on the short-term and immediate outcomes of a project while aim focus on its long-term outcomes.
Step 4: Organizing Research and the Writer's Ideas. When your research is complete, you will organize your findings and decide which sources to cite in your paper. You will also have an opportunity to evaluate the evidence you have collected and determine whether it supports your thesis, or the focus of your paper.
want to write about or what you want to uncover in your paper. •Narrow the topic -Research the topic. Use the information to narrow the focus of your paper. •Take a position on the topic -Take a side and clearly identify your position in your thesis statement. •Use specific language -You want your reader to know exactly what you mean.
The Objectives should provide the researcher and the Research Assessors with indicators as to how the researcher will tackle the Related Literature, Essay methodology example and theories on the selected topic. It should grant the researcher with a plan or strategy on how to handle the collection and processing of the research information.
Just-in-time (JIT) Just in Time in production may also be referred to as the Toyota production system or Just in time production. This is a method whose primary objectives is to decrease flow periods within manufacturing as well as response time from customers and suppliers. It originated in Japan in the 1960s at a Toyota factory.
The objectives of your research lay down specific milestones or stages that you will reach in order to accomplish your goals. They are precise steps that will guide you through your research path and hence can be written in a bulleted list. An example would help you understand how specific research objectives can be written in the form of ...
An abstract is a short summary of your (published or unpublished) research paper, usually about a paragraph (c. 6-7 sentences, 150-250 words) long. A well-written abstract serves multiple purposes: an abstract lets readers get the gist or essence of your paper or article quickly, in order to decide whether to read the full paper;