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how to cite a research report chicago style

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How to Cite a Report in Chicago/Turabian

Reports are a commonly cited type of resource and are usually published by government agencies, non-profit organizations, or corporations. In Chicago style, citations for reports are similar to citations for books, although their formatting may change slightly depending on the type of information available for a report. This guide will show you how to create notes-bibliography style citations for print and online reports using the 17th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style .

Guide Overview

Citing an Online Report

Chicago style online report citation structure:.

Bibliography:

Last name, First name. Title of Work . Publisher City: Publisher, year of publication. URL.

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Chicago Style Online Report Citation Example:

Gorbunova, Yulia. Laws of Attrition: Crackdown on Russia’s Civil Society After Putin’s Return to the Presidency. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2013. https://www.hrw.org/reports/2013/04/24/laws-attrition.

Note:  With this source, the report only specifies a publication country. To find the city of publication and other bibliographic data, search for the ISBN or publication title on a website like WorldCat.org (in this case, it is New York).

Citing a Print Report

Chicago style print report citation structure:.

Last name, First name. Title of Work . Publisher City: Publisher, year of publication.

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Chicago Style Print Report Citation Example:

The main difference between the citation for an online report and a print report is that a URL will not be included for a print report.

Turnitin. What’s Wrong with Wikipedia?: Evaluating the Sources Used by Students . Oakland: iParadigms, LLC, 2013.

Citing a Report with the Same Author and Publisher

Often, for reports published by organizations, corporations, or government agencies, a specific author is not named. In this instance, you can usually treat the author and the publisher as the same entity. When citing a report where the author and the publisher are the same, the publisher’s name can be used in the author slot in addition to the publisher slot.

Chicago Style Report Citation Structure:

Organization/Company name. Title of Report. Publisher City: Publisher, year of publication. URL.

Chicago Style Report Citation Example :

Microsoft. Annual Report 2021 . Redmond, WA: Microsoft, 2021. https://www.microsoft.com/investor/reports/ar21/index.html.

Note:  If the report was not written by the publisher and an author name still cannot be found, omit the author field and begin the citation with the title of the report instead. 

Chicago Formatting Guide

Chicago Formatting

Citation Examples

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Chicago Referencing Guide

Video playlist: chicago referencing for aut students, using the chicago style for academic writing, is chicago style the same as chicago (turabian) style, why notes as well as a bibliography, academic integrity & plagiarism.

This online guide is based on The Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition) and  A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses and Dissertations (9th edition) , by Kate L. Turabian.

It is essential to acknowledge the ownership of resources used in your academic writing.  At AUT, students in the School of Art & Design or Te Ara Poutama may be asked to use the Chicago Notes-Bibliography style to format references. This style is relatively flexible, as it accommodates a variety of sources, including those that are more esoteric.

When using Chicago style referencing in your academic writing, you must:

The short answer is yes, in almost all cases. The Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition) lays out the rules for formatting writing and references in the Chicago style, and is aimed at professional writers. The Chicago (Turabian) style manual (9th edition) presents Chicago style for students and researchers, so it conforms to all the rules of Chicago style, but includes more guides and examples that are relevant to academic writing.

If you use Chicago (Turabian) style for your citations, then you are using Chicago style, as it applies to academic referencing. 

Note that there are actually two variants of Chicago style: Author-Date and Notes-Bibliography. At AUT the style used is Notes-Bibliography.

The same information appears in both notes and bibliographies, with slightly different formatting. Readers need this information in both places.

Notes let readers quickly check the source for a particular reference without disrupting the flow of their reading.

Bibliographies show readers the extent of your research and its relationship to prior work. They also help readers find and use your sources in their own research. Bibliographies can include sources that you have not directly referred to in your written work, but which were still useful to you in your research.

Academic integrity

Academic integrity involves the acknowledgement of your own and other peoples’ written work, images, audio files, or their ideas. The only content which you do not need to acknowledge is common knowledge.

When you use someone else's ideas or words in your writing without acknowledging (referencing) where they came from, this behaviour could be classified as plagiarising or academic dishonesty.

Work can be plagiarised from many sources: books, articles, websites, course notes, other students’ assignments, even your own earlier assignments.

Plagiarism can occur by mistake if you are not careful.  Always write down the title and author of a work when you take notes from it. Learn more about how to avoid plagiarism .

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Chicago Citation Style: Home

Getting Started

The Chicago Manual of Style is often used to document sources for research papers. The purpose of documentation is to:

T he Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.) recognizes two basic basic documentation systems: (1) Notes and Bibliography (used for papers in the humanities, e.g. literature, history, political science, and the arts) and (2) Author-Date (used  for papers in the physical, natural, and social sciences). . This guide is intended as a guideline for the Notes and Bibliography system only.

Be sure to check with your instructor to find out which citation style you should use for an assignment.

See these sections for information and examples that will help you to cite the sources that you come across during your research.

General Guidelines Books Articles Websites Audiovisual Media Images and Works of Art Other ...

The examples in this guide cover frequently used citation forms only. While this guide provides helpful examples, it may not be perfect. For more detailed information refer to  The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.) , available at Kitsap Regional Library, see the PDF handout and website links in the Learn More box below, or ask for help!

Download this 2-page guide:

Websites with information on using Chicago style:

how to cite a research report chicago style

Acknowledgement

T his guide based on templates from Red Deer College Library in Alberta, Canada and the Library at Montana State University, Billings.

Chicago Manual of Style

This guide is based on the 16th edition of the Chicago Manual of Style.

how to cite a research report chicago style

Fo r citation exam ples and more inform ation, consult the WSA Library copy of  The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.)   ,  located at the librarian's desk. 

The librarian is always happy to help you!

how to cite a research report chicago style

Citation guides

All you need to know about citations

How to cite a report in Chicago

Chicago style report citation

To cite a report in a reference entry in Chicago style 17th edition include the following elements:

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a report in Chicago style 17th edition:

Author(s) of the report . Title of the report . Place of publication : Publisher , Year of publication .

Take a look at our reference list examples that demonstrate the Chicago style guidelines in action:

The print version of a report by one author

Loban, Walter . Language Development: Kindergarten through Grade Twelve . Washington, DC : Office of Education , 1976 .
Langer, Judith A . How Writing Shapes Thinking: A Study of Teaching and Learning . Washington, DC : National Inst. of Education , 1987 .

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This citation style guide is based on the Chicago Manual of Style (17 th edition).

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Cite A Report in Chicago Manual of Style citation style

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Use the following template or our Chicago Manual of Style (16th edition) Citation Generator to cite a report. For help with other source types, like books, PDFs, or websites, check out our other guides. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator .

Notes-Bibliography Format

Reference list.

Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.

In-text citation

Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

Author-Date Format

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Other Chicago Manual of Style Citation Guides

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Citation Guide

Chicago Notes & Bibliography: Citation Examples

    Chicago Notes & Bibliography (17th ed.)

The  Chicago Manual of Style  leaves a great deal unspecified and up to interpretation. The NPS Citation Guide streamlines and simplifies  Chicago ’s guidance; your professors, coaches, and processors may interpret or explain  Chicago ’s guidelines slightly differently.  Ultimately, the responsibility for clear attribution of source material lies with you, the author.

For NPS Theses, Papers, and Publications

To cite properly, apply the   Essential Rules   to the examples given below.

Citation Examples by Source Type

If you do not see an example that matches your source type, consult the  Additional Resources  for your style.

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how to cite a research report chicago style

Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition

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Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

This section contains information on The Chicago Manual of Style  (CMOS) method of document formatting and citation. These resources follow the seventeenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style (17t h e dition), which was issued in 2017.

Please note that although these resources reflect the most recent updates in the The Chicago Manual of Style  (17 th  edition) concerning documentation practices, you can review a full list of updates concerning usage, technology, professional practice, etc. at  The Chicago Manual of Style Online .

Introduction

The Chicago Manual of Style  (CMOS) covers a variety of topics from manuscript preparation and publication to grammar, usage, and documentation, and as such, it has been lovingly dubbed the “editor's bible.”

The material on this page focuses primarily on one of the two CMOS documentation styles: the Notes-Bibliography System (NB) , which is used by those working in literature, history, and the arts. The other documentation style, the Author-Date System, is nearly identical in content but slightly different in form and is preferred by those working in the social sciences.

Though the two systems both convey all of the important information about each source, they differ not only in terms of the way they direct readers to these sources, but also in terms of their formatting (e.g., the position of dates in citation entries). For examples of how these citation styles work in research papers, consult our sample papers: 

Author-Date Sample Paper

NB Sample Paper

In addition to consulting  The Chicago Manual of Style  (17th edition) for more information, students may also find it useful to consult Kate L. Turabian's  Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations  (8th edition). This manual, which presents what is commonly known as the "Turabian" citation style, follows the two CMOS patterns of documentation but offers slight modifications suited to student texts.

Notes and Bibliography (NB) in Chicago style

The Chicago Notes and Bibliography (NB) system is often used in the humanities to provide writers with a system for referencing their sources through the use of footnotes, endnotes, and through the use of a bibliography. This offers writers a flexible option for citation and provides   an outlet for commenting on those sources, if needed. Proper use of the Notes and Bibliography system builds a writer’s credibility by demonstrating their accountability to source material. In addition, it can protect writers from accusations of plagiarism, which is the intentional or accidental uncredited use of source material created by others.

Introduction to Notes

In the Notes and Bibliography system, you should include a note (endnote or footnote) each time you use a source, whether through a direct quote, paraphrase, or summary. Footnotes are added at the end of the page on which the source is referenced, while endnotes are compiled at the end of each chapter or at the end of the entire document.

In either case, a superscript number corresponding to a note, along with the bibliographic information for that source, should be placed in the text following the end of the sentence or clause in which the source is referenced.

If a work includes a bibliography, which is typically preferred, then it is not necessary to provide full publication details in notes. However, if a bibliography is not included with a work, the first note for each source should include  all  relevant information about the source: author’s full name, source title, and facts of publication. If you cite the same source again, or if a bibliography is included in the work, the note only needs to include the surname of the author, a shortened form of the title (if more than four words), and the page number(s). However, in a work that does not include a bibliography, it is recommended that the full citation be repeated when it is first used in a new chapter.

In contrast to earlier editions of CMOS, if you cite the same source two or more times consecutively, CMOS recommends using shortened citations. In a work with a bibliography, the first reference should use a shortened citation which includes the author’s name, the source title, and the page number(s), and consecutive references to the same work may omit the source title and simply include the author and page number. Although discouraged by CMOS, if you cite the same source and page number(s) from a single source two or more times consecutively, it is also possible to utilize the word “Ibid.,” ( from the Latin ibidem, which means “in the same place,”) as the corresponding note. If you use the same source but a draw from different new page, the corresponding note should use “Ibid.” followed by a comma and the new page number(s).

In the NB system, the footnote or endnote itself begins with the appropriate full-sized number, followed by a period and then a space.

Introduction to Bibliographies

In the NB system, the bibliography provides an alphabetical list of all sources used in a given work. This page, most often titled Bibliography, is usually placed at the end of the work preceding the index. It should include all sources cited within the work and may sometimes include other relevant sources that were not cited but provide further reading.

Although bibliographic entries for various sources may be formatted differently, all included sources (books, articles, websites, etc.) are arranged alphabetically by author’s last name. If no author or editor is listed, the title or, as a last resort, a descriptive phrase may be used.

Though useful, a bibliography is not required in works that provide full bibliographic information in the notes.

Common Elements

All entries in the bibliography will include the author (or editor, compiler, translator), title, and publication information.

Author Names

The author’s name is inverted in the bibliography, placing the last name first and separating the last name and first name with a comma; for example, John Smith becomes Smith, John.

Titles of books and journals are italicized. Titles of articles, chapters, poems, etc. are placed in quotation marks .

Publication Information

The year of publication is listed after the publisher or journal name .

Punctuation

In a bibliography, all major elements are separated by periods.

For more information and specific examples, see the sections on  Books  and  Periodicals .

Please note that this OWL resource provides basic information regarding the formatting of entries used in the bibliography. For more information about Selected Bibliographies, Annotated Bibliographies, and Bibliographic Essays, please consult Chapter 14.61 of  The Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition).

Research Guides

Gould library, how to cite your sources.

Examples: Citing Common Publication Types

What does an annotated bibliography look like.

Style Guides

how to cite a research report chicago style

There are two versions of Chicago Style:

In the examples below, we show how to cite a source in a footnote (N), accompanying bibliography (B).  Your bibliography should be alphabetized by author last name. For works that do not have an author, alphabetize by item title (omitting articles like "a" or "the"). Your bibliography should also be formatted using Hanging Indents .

In this guide:

Newspaper Article

Work in a series.

Informally or Unpublished Reports

(N) 1. FirstName LastName,  Title of work  (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), PageNumbers. (B) Lastname, Firstname.  Title.  Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.

(N) 1. A. B. Jones, My Book for Citation  (Minneapolis: Good Books Press, 2014), 78-79. (B) Jones, A. B.  My Book for Citation.  Minneapolis: Good Books Press, 2014.

Book chapters

(N) 1. FirstName LastName, "Title of Chapter," in Title of Book , ed. EditorFirstName EditorLastName. (Place: Publisher, Year), PageNumber. (B) LastName, FirstName. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book , edited by EditorFirstName EditorLastName, PageNumberSpan. Place: Publisher, Year.

(N) 1. John D. Kelly, “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and the Moral Economy of War,” in Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency , ed. John D. Kelly et al. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010), 77. (B) Kelly, John D. “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and the Moral Economy of War.” In Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency , edited by John D. Kelly, Beatrice Jauregui, Sean T. Mitchell, and Jeremy Walton, 67–83. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.

Periodicals (journals, magazines)

Watch a video about citing journal articles using Chicago

(N) 1. Firstname A. Lastname and Firstname B. Lastname, "Title of Article," Title of Periodical  xx, no.x (Year): pp-pp. (B) Lastname, Firstname A., Firstname B. Lastname, and Firstname C. Lastname. "Title of Article." Title of periodical  xx, no.x (Year): pp-pp., doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx.

(N) 1. Jamie A. Smith, Arnold B. Miller, and Jose P. Rodriguez, "I Love Citation," All About Citation 21, no.1 (2012): 1-10. (B) Smith, Jamie A., Arnold B. Miller, and Jose P. Rodriguez. "I Love Citation." All About Citation 21, no.1 (2012): 1-10.

(N) 1. David G. Savage, “Stanford Student Goes to Supreme Court to Fight for Her Moms,” Los Angeles Times , April 27, 2015, Nation, http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-gay-marriage-children-20150424-story.html.

(B) Newspapers are more commonly cited in notes or parenthetical references than in bibliographies.

(B) An example from the Carleton History Department on how to cite a newspaper in a bibliography

More information...

(N) 1. Muriel St. Clare Byrne, ed., The Lisle Letters (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), 4:243.

(B) Byrne, Muriel St. Clare, ed. The Lisle Letters. 6 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.

(N) 1. Firstname Lastname, "Title" (source type, location, year), page numbers, link if available. (B) Lastname, Firstname. "Title." source type, location, year, link if available. 

(N) 1. John Smith, "Apple of the Eye" (Senior thesis, Carleton College, 2016), 17-23. (B) Smith, John. "Apple of the Eye." Senior thesis, Carleton College, 2016.

Watch a video about citing websites and social media using Chicago

On website , and  On dates : Include a publication date or date of revision or modification if possible; else, access date.

(N) Firstname Lastname, "Page Title," Website Title, last modified/accessed/updated date, URL. (B) Lastname, Firstname. "Page Title." Website Title. Date. URL.

(N) 1. “Balkan Romani,” Endangered Languages, Alliance for Linguistic Diversity, accessed September 2, 2022, https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/5342. (B) "Balkan Romani." Endangered Languages, Alliance for Linguistic Diversity. Accessed September 2, 2022. https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/5342.

You may also choose to cite to the Internet Archive instead of the live website. For example:

(N2) 1. “Balkan Romani,” Endangered Languages, Alliance for Linguistic Diversity, accessed September 2, 2022, https://web.archive.org/web/20220822122125/https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/5342.

See  14.207: Citing web pages and websites for other options .

Images and Art

If citing images found in published works or online collections, cite them similarly to book chapters, articles, or web pages within website, with the artist in the author position and the image title in the chapter title, article title, or webpage title position.

If citing images or art that stand alone:

(N) 1. Michelangelo Buonarroti, The Slave , 1513-15, marble, 2.09 m., Paris, The Louvre. (B) Buonarroti, Michelangelo. The Slave , 1513-15. Marble, 2.09 m. Paris, The Louvre.

Data Sets & DH Projects

(N) 1. Creator,  Title  (Place: Publisher, Year), link. (B) Creator. Title.  Place: Publisher, Year. link.

(N) 1. The World Bank. Washington Development Indicators . (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2012). http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators. (B) The World Bank. World Development Indicators . Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2012. http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators.

Example of how to cite different parts of a digital humanities project

Films, Videos, or DVDs

(N) 1. Firstname Lastname of Writer,  Title,  Directed by Firstname Lastname (Place: Studio, Year), format. (B) Lastname, Firstname.  Title . Directed/Performed by Firstname Lastname. Place: Studio, Year. Format. 

(N) 1. John Wong,  Cool People at the Libe,  Directed by Cat Toff (Northfield: Gould Libe, 1999). DVD. (B) Wong, John.  Cool People at the Libe.  Directed by Cat Toff. Northfield: Gould Libe, 1999. DVD.

There are two versions of Chicago Style: "notes and bibliography" and "author-date" style. The "Notes" style uses footnotes and sometimes a Bibliography, and is typically used in the humanities. "Author-Date" uses in-text parenthetical citations plus a Reference List, and is more typically used in the social sciences.

In the paranthetical citation, you will put the author's last name followed by the publication year, comma, page number. For example (Smith 2017, 214) .

In the examples below, we show how to cite a source in a Reference List.

Lastname, Firstname. Year. Title . Place of Publication: Publisher.

Jones, A.B. 2014. My Book for Citation . Minneapolis: Good Books Press.

LastName, FirstName. Year. "Title of Chapter." In Title of Book . edited by EditorFirstName EditorLastName, PageNumberSpan. Place: Publisher.

(R) Kelly, John D. 2010. “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and the Moral Economy of War.” In Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency , edited by John D. Kelly, Beatrice Jauregui, Sean T. Mitchell, and Jeremy Walton, 67–83. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Periodicals (newspapers, journals, magazines)

Lastname, Firstname A., Firstname B. Lastname, and Firstname C. Lastname. Year. "Title of Article." Title of Periodical xx (no. x): pp-pp. 

Smith, Jamie A., Arnold B. Miller, and Jose P. Rodriguez. 2012. "I Love Citation." All About Citation 21 (1): 1-10.

Lastname, Firstname. Year. "Title." source type, location. link if available.

Smith, John. 2016. "Apple of the Eye." Senior thesis, Carleton College.

Buonarroti, Michelangelo. 1513-15. The Slav e. Marble, 2.09 m. Paris, The Louvre.

Creator. Year. Title . Place: Publisher. link

The World Bank. 2012. World Development Indicators . Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators.

Lastname, Firstname. Year.  Title . Performed by Firstname Lastname. Place: Studio. Format.

Wong, John. 1999. Cool People at the Libe. Directed by Cat Toff. Northfield: Gould Libe. DVD.

Questions? Contact [email protected]

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Chicago Style Citation Examples | Website, Book, Article, Video

Published on July 25, 2018 by Courtney Gahan . Revised on December 5, 2022.

The Chicago Manual of Style provides guidelines for two styles of citation: author-date and notes and bibliography:

Chicago Reference Generator

In both styles, full source citations are listed in an alphabetized Chicago style bibliography or reference list . Make sure to pay attention to punctuation (e.g., commas , parentheses , and quotation marks ) in your notes and citations.

The Chicago Manual of Style is regularly updated. Our examples are all based on the 17th edition, which is the most recent (published in 2017).

Table of contents

Chicago book citation, chicago journal article citation, chicago website citation (no author or date), chicago newspaper citation, chicago youtube citation, linking to online journal articles.

When citing online journal articles, use the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) or a stable URL, not the URL that appears in the address bar.

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Scribbr editors not only correct grammar and spelling mistakes, but also strengthen your writing by making sure your paper is free of vague language, redundant words, and awkward phrasing.

how to cite a research report chicago style

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Authors and dates in website citations

If the web page has a named author, use this at the start of the citation as you would for any other source. If there is a date of publication or last revision, include this instead of the access date.

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Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide

Chicago-style source citations come in two varieties: (1) notes and bibliography and (2) author-date. If you already know which system to use, follow one of the links above to see sample citations for a variety of common sources. If you are unsure about which system to use, read on.

Notes and Bibliography or Author-Date?

The notes and bibliography system is preferred by many working in the humanities—including literature, history, and the arts. In this system, sources are cited in numbered footnotes or endnotes. Each note corresponds to a raised (superscript) number in the text. Sources are also usually listed in a separate bibliography. The notes and bibliography system can accommodate a wide variety of sources, including unusual ones that don’t fit neatly into the author-date system.

The author-date system is more common in the sciences and social sciences. In this system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author’s last name and year of publication. Each in-text citation matches up with an entry in a reference list, where full bibliographic information is provided.

Aside from the use of numbered notes versus parenthetical references in the text, the two systems share a similar style. Follow the links at the top of this page to see examples of some of the more common source types cited in both systems.

Most authors choose the system used by others in their field or required by their publisher. Students who are unsure of which system to use will find more information here .

For a more comprehensive look at Chicago’s two systems of source citation and many more examples, see chapters 14 and 15 of The Chicago Manual of Style.

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COMMENTS

  1. How to Cite a Report in Chicago/Turabian

    Last name, First name. Title of Work. Publisher City: Publisher, year of publication. URL. Screen Shot 2014

  2. Reports

    Reports · Cite corporate or governmental reports like books. See Corporation or organisation as author for guidance on citing corporate authors.

  3. Chicago Citation Style: Pamphlets, Brochures, and Reports

    Author Surname, First Name or Initial. Title: Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Example. Full Note: 1. Hazel

  4. Chicago: how to cite a report [Update 2023]

    How to cite a report in Chicago · Author(s) of the report: Give first the last name, then the name as presented in the source (e. g. Watson, John). · Title of the

  5. How to reference a Report in Chicago Manual of Style citation style

    Author Surname, Author Forename. Year Published. Title. Series Number. City: Publisher. http://Website URL. Example: Rowley,. 1998. In-text citation.

  6. Chicago Notes & Bibliography: Citation Examples

    N: Author First and Last Name or Department, Title of Report in Title Case and Italics (Place of Publication: Publisher, year), DOI or URL. S: Author Last Name

  7. Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition

    If you cite the same source again, or if a bibliography is included in the work, the note only needs to include the surname of the author, a shortened form of

  8. Chicago Manual of Style

    Informally or Unpublished Reports ... (N) 1. Firstname Lastname, "Title" (source type, location, year), page numbers, link if available. (B)

  9. Chicago Style Citation Examples

    Footnote or endnote format, Author first name last name, “Title of Article,” Name of Journal volume, no. issue (month and year): page number(s).

  10. Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide

    The author-date system is more common in the sciences and social sciences. In this system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by