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Create and/or Write to a file
I feel like this should be easy, but google is totally failing me at the moment. I want to open a file, or create it if it doesn't exist, and write to it.
The following
throws an error on the second line when the file doesn't exist yet, which I assume is expected. But I'm really failing at finding out how to a) test if the file exists and b) create it when needed.
FYI, working in Delphi XE.
- 1 try if FileExist('test.txt') then Append(logFile) else Rewrite(logFile); – RRUZ Oct 20, 2011 at 2:57
5 Answers 5
You can use the FileExists function and then use Append if exist or Rewrite if not.
- 2 You can make it even more concise and readable by using System.IOUtils.TFile.AppendAllText( 'test.txt', contents ); - see also awmross's answer . It is guaranteed to do exactly what you want: " If the file specified by the Path parameter exists, the text is appended to it; otherwise, the file is created and filled with the given text. " --from the official documentation – Marcus Mangelsdorf Feb 28, 2020 at 13:15
Any solution that uses FileExists to choose how to open the file has a race condition. If the file's existence changes between the time you test it and the time you attempt to open the file, your program will fail. Delphi doesn't provide any way to solve that problem with its native file I/O routines.
If your Delphi version is new enough to offer it, you can use the TFile.Open with the fmOpenOrCreate open mode, which does exactly what you want; it returns a TFileStream .
Otherwise, you can use the Windows API function CreateFile to open your file instead. Set the dwCreationDisposition parameter to OPEN_ALWAYS , which tells it to create the file if it doesn't already exist.
- I suppose race condition will be eliminated once we add critical sections. Acquire it before the FileExists call and hold it until it's done writing. – user1651105 Apr 24, 2014 at 14:58
- 6 TFile.Open relies on FileExist though, so it's not solution to the race condition – Eric Grange Jul 16, 2014 at 10:08
- Critical sections won't help, @User. Critical sections only work when all code honors them. You can't guarantee that all other programs will honor your critical section. (Indeed, they can't honor them because critical sections only apply to a single process.) You cannot solve the problem of other processes except by calling CreateFile . – Rob Kennedy Apr 21, 2015 at 15:25
You should be using TFileStream instead. Here's a sample that will create a file if it doesn't exist, or write to it if it does:
- Ken if you include the fmCreate flag the file will be always created, even if exist. – RRUZ Oct 20, 2011 at 3:14
- 1 Instead you can use something like this FS := TFileStream.Create('test2.txt', IfThen(FileExists('test2.txt'),fmOpenReadWrite,fmCreate)); – RRUZ Oct 20, 2011 at 3:27
- @Ken - Why do you suggest to use a TFileStream instead? It looks much more complicated when I'm just trying to write to a file quick. (Not being critical. Just learning ins and outs of Delphi.) – Eric G Oct 20, 2011 at 3:41
- 2 @Eric your preferred approach doesn't do Unicode and is highly deprecated. – David Heffernan Oct 20, 2011 at 6:06
- 3 @DavidHeffernan the Ken answer suggest which if the flags fmOpenReadWrite or fmCreate are used the file will be created or opened for append data. (check the line FS.Position := FS.Size; ) but that nevers occurs because the file is always recreated if the flag fmCreate is present. – RRUZ Oct 20, 2011 at 6:08
If you are just doing something simple, the IOUtils Unit is a lot easier. It has a lot of utilities for writing to files.
procedure WriteAllText(const Path: string; const Contents: string); overload; static; Creates a new file, writes the specified string to the file, and then closes the file. If the target file already exists, it is overwritten.
- 3 The question specifically says "create if it doesn't exist", and uses Append , so I'm suspecting that they want to append if it's already there. Your quote says "If the target file already exists, it is overwritten", therefore preventing appending. :) No downvote - just sayin'.... – Ken White Oct 20, 2011 at 11:26
- The (non working) example used append; the problem given didn't specify anything about appending. "Open a file... and write to it". It's not clear if he wants to append to or overwrite the existing file. – awmross Oct 20, 2011 at 22:31
- Nope. "open a file, or create it if it doesn't exist, and write to it" does not imply truncation; opening an existing file typically means to append to it. However, because it wasn't clear, I did not downvote your answer; if the question had been more clear about truncation/appending, I would have upvoted or downvoted accordingly. :) – Ken White Oct 20, 2011 at 23:03
- 1 There is also AppendAllText – user966939 Feb 5, 2020 at 18:04
You can also use the load/save feature in a TStringList to solve your problem.
This might be a bad solution, because the whole file will be loaded into memory, modified in memory and then saved to back to disk. (As opposed to your solution where you just write directly to the file). It's obviously a bad solution for multiuser situations.
But this approach is OK for smaller files, and it is easy to work with and easy understand.
- 1 FYI, this approach is expremely unfriendly to the heap, log files can be very large, load and save oprations requires 2x bytes to complete. – Premature Optimization Oct 20, 2011 at 16:38
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System.IOUtils.TDirectory.GetFiles
- Up to Parent: TDirectory
- 1 Properties
- 2.1 See Also
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Description
Returns a list of files in a given directory.
Use GetFiles to obtain a list of files in a given directory. The return value of GetFiles is a dynamic array of strings in which each element stores the name of a file.
There are three forms of the GetFiles method:
- The first form accepts only the path of the directory for which files are enumerated.
- The second form includes a search pattern used when matching file names.
- The third form includes an option specifying whether a recursive mode will be used while enumerating.
All the forms also accept an optional TFilterPredicate parameter, used to filter the results.
The following table lists the parameters expected by this method.
- GetCurrentDirectory
- GetDirectories
- GetFileSystemEntries
- GetDirectoryName
- MatchesMask
- Code Examples
- DirectoriesAndFilesEnumeraion (Delphi)
- DirectoriesAndFilesEnumeraion (C++)
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Create a Database Using Delphi's File Of Typed Files
Understanding typed files.
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Simply put a file is a binary sequence of some type. In Delphi , there are three classes of file : typed, text, and untyped . Typed files are files that contain data of a particular type, such as Double, Integer or previously defined custom Record type. Text files contain readable ASCII characters. Untyped files are used when we want to impose the least possible structure on a file.
Typed Files
While text files consist of lines terminated with a CR/LF ( #13#10 ) combination, typed files consist of data taken from a particular type of data structure .
For example, the following declaration creates a record type called TMember and an array of TMember record variables.
Before we can write the information to the disk, we have to declare a variable of a file type. The following line of code declares an F file variable.
Note: To create a typed file in Delphi, we use the following syntax :
var SomeTypedFile : file of SomeType
The base type (SomeType) for a file can be a scalar type (like Double), an array type or record type. It should not be a long string, dynamic array, class, object or a pointer.
To start working with files from Delphi, we have to link a file on a disk to a file variable in our program. To create this link, we must use AssignFile procedure to associate a file on a disk with a file variable.
Once the association with an external file is established, the file variable F must be 'opened' to prepare it for reading and writing. We call Reset procedure to open an existing file or Rewrite to create a new file. When a program completes processing a file, the file must be closed using the CloseFile procedure. After a file is closed, its associated external file is updated. The file variable can then be associated with another external file.
In general, we should always use exception handling ; many errors may arise when working with files. For example: if we call CloseFile for a file that is already closed Delphi reports an I/O error. On the other hand, if we try to close a file but have not yet called AssignFile, the results are unpredictable.
Write to a File
Suppose we have filled an array of Delphi members with their names, e-mails, and number of posts and we want to store this information in a file on the disk. The following piece of code will do the work:
Read from a File
To retrieve all the information from the 'members.dat' file we would use the following code :
Note: Eof is the EndOfFile checking function. We use this function to make sure that we are not trying to read beyond the end of the file (beyond the last stored record).
Seeking and Positioning
Files are normally accessed sequentially. When a file is read using the standard procedure Read or written using the standard procedure Write, the current file position moves to the next numerically ordered file component (next record). Typed files can also be accessed randomly through the standard procedure Seek, which moves the current file position to a specified component. The FilePos and FileSize functions can be used to determine the current file position and the current file size.
Change and Update
You've just learned how to write and read the entire array of members, but what if all you want to do is to seek to the 10th member and change the e-mail? The next procedure does exactly that:
Completing the Task
That's it—now you have all you need to accomplish your task. You can write members' information to the disk, you can read it back, and you can even change some of the data (e-mail, for example) in the "middle" of the file.
What's important is that this file is not an ASCII file , this is how it looks in Notepad (only one record):
:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/487685265-56a23fdf3df78cf772739f0a.jpg "assign file delphi")
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Delphi AssignFile Usage
1. text File New and read use
Put a button on the form and click Enter
Procedure Tform1.button1click (Sender:tobject); Var Bat:textfile; Begin AssignFile (Bat, ' c:\123.txt '); Create and open a file Rewrite (BAT); The Rewrite process can create a new file and open it, using the Reset Text files are read-only, and text files opened with rewrite and append can only be written to Writeln (Bat, ' 1111111111111111 '); Write Data CloseFile (BAT); Close File End
This creates a new 123.txt text file on the C drive and writes 1111111111111111 of the data.
2. Reading a text file
Procedure Tform1.button1click (Sender:tobject); Var Bat:textfile; s:string; Begin AssignFile (Bat, ' c:\123123.bat '); Reset (BAT); READLN (bat,s); Memo1. Lines.add (s); CloseFile (BAT); End
Procedure or
function Description Append Open the existing text file (to append text to the file). AssignFile Specifies the filename of the external file to a file variable. Blockread Reads one or more records from an untyped file. Blockwrite Writes one or more records to an untyped file. ChDir Changes the current directory. CloseFile Close the open file. Eof Returns the file end (end-of-file) state of the file. Eoln Returns the line end (end-of-line) state of a text file. Erase Delete the external file. Filepos Returns the current location of a type file or untyped file. FileSize Returns the current size of the file, not for a text file. Flush Refreshes the buffer of the output text file. Getdir Returns the current directory for the specified drive. IOResult Returns an integer value that represents the execution state of the last I/O function. Mkdir Create subdirectories. Read Reads one or more values from a file to one or more variables. Readln Performs a read operation in a text file and jumps to the beginning of the next line. Rename Rename the external file. Reset Open the file that exists. Rewrite Create and open a new file. RmDir Deletes an empty subdirectory. Seek Moves from the current position of a type file or untyped file to the specified component, not to a text file. Seekeof Returns the file end (end-of-file) state of a text file. Seekeoln Returns the line end (end-of-line) state of a text file. Settextbuf Specifies the input/output (I/O) buffer to a text file. Truncate Truncates a file at the current location of a type file or untyped file. Write Writes one or more values to a file. Writeln Performs a write operation in a text file and then writes a line end (End-of-line) tag. Function description Stralloc Assigning a character buffer of a given dimension to a heap Strbufsize Returns the size of the character buffer allocated with Stralloc or strnew StrCat Connect two strings StrComp Comparison of two strings Strcopy Copy a string Strdispose Releasing a character buffer allocated with Stralloc or strnew Strecopy Copy a string and return a tail pointer Strend Returns the end of the string pointer Strfmt Format one or more values into a string Stricomp Comparison of two strings (case insensitive) Strlcat Connect two strings (maximum length for a given result string) Strlcomp Comparison of two strings (given maximum length) Strlcopy Copies the string until the maximum length given StrLen Returns the length of a string Strlfmt Format one or more values into a string (the maximum length of a given string) Strlicomp Comparison of two strings (given maximum length and case insensitive) Strlower Convert a string to lowercase Strmove Move word converts sequential blocks from one string to another Strnew allocating strings in the heap Strpcopy Copy a Pascal string to an empty end string Strplcopy Copy a Pascal string to an empty end string (given maximum length) Strpos Returns the position pointer of the first occurrence of a given substring in a string Strrscan Returns the position pointer of the last occurrence of a given character in a string Strscan Returns the position pointer of the first occurrence of a given character in a string Strupper Convert a string to uppercase
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Delphi in a Nutshell by Ray Lischner
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$Resource Compiler Directive
Description
The $Resource directive includes an external resource file in a project or package. When the project or package is linked, Delphi includes the resource file in the final .exe , .dll , or .bpl file. The resource file does not have to exist when the unit is compiled—only when the project is linked. A source file can load any number of resource files.
If the FileName is an asterisk ( * ), Delphi uses the source file’s base name, substituting the extension that appears in the directive. For example, form units must include the directive {$R *.DFM} , which loads the form’s description as a resource file. (To maintain compatibility with Delphi 1, binary .dfm files are 16-bit resource files. Delphi converts them to 32-bit resources when linking the project.)
The two-parameter form of the $Resource directive applies only to .dpr files. If the directive appears at the start of a project’s .dpr file and it lists two filenames, the first file is linked into the project, and the second appears in the project manager. When Delphi’s IDE builds the project, it also compiles the resource script ( .rc file) into a .res file so it can link the .res file with the project. Compiling the resource script is a feature unique to the IDE. The command-line compiler does not compile the resource script. (For more information on the command-line ...
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PDFium – PDF Engine for your Delphi/C++ Builder FireMonkey Applications
Table of Contents
PDFium Component Suite for FireMonkey has so many capabilities to handle PDF documents. It uses PDFium open-source PDF rendering engine and supports Windows, macOS, iOS, and Android.
PDFium itself is used by the Chromium project. So, you can understand that “ium” comes from Chromium! This is a fully open-source project and you can contribute to that here .
Installation
Since this is a component suite and supports different operating systems, it has its installation file. But, if you are in doubt, you can follow a short video on how to install the PDFium Component Suite for FireMonkey .
When you successfully install you will get two components on your Palette.
TFPdf handles PDF documents. With that component, you can create and process PDF documents.
TFPdfView is the component that shows the PDF documents in your FireMonkey applications.
What you can do with the PDFium Suite?
- Create PDF documents
- Extract Images from PDF documents
- Extract Text
- Extract Text Pages
- Merge PDF documents
- Convert Pdf To Jpg
Development
Let’s investigate how the PDFium Suite converting PDF documents to Jpg image files.
On Form Create this will get the pixels per inch by using the GetDisplayMetrics function.
The Convertor button starts the operation. It starts from page number 0, from the beginning. And with the RenderPage procedure, you can render the pages. And finally, you can save them to the TBitmap based data to files.
Extracting Images from PDF document
Taking file name and path and setting the initial point of the process is similar, but when you want to get images from PDF document. You can just iterate over the TFPdf using the BitmapCount and you can receive the images by its index.
Extracting Text
By calling Text function you can fetch the text from PDF documents and save the content to a text file:
Be sure to check out the demo action video that shows all the demo projects in action.
Head over and check out the full WINSOFT PDFium for FireMonkey Library
Like what you see? You can get PDFium for FireMonkey and over 100 other fantastic WinSoft components with our Enterprise Component Pack. For a limited time, when you purchase RAD Studio Enterprise or Architect Edition at special Upgrade Pricing, you will also get this package of third-party software worth over $13,000, including the full WinSoft Component Library, at NO EXTRA COST! Step up to RAD Studio 10.4.1 today!
About author
Is it possible to save in PDF/A format? And to sign with certificate?
From what I can see it looks like PDFium cannot produce PDF/A format files. I do see that most of the component vendors have support for creating PDF/A though. You could try one of them.
This link talks about it: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4804935/report-generators-that-can-produce-pdf-a-compliant-files So does this from TMS Software: https://doc.tmssoftware.com/flexcel/vcl/samples/delphi/printing-and-exporting/pdfa/index.html and Fast Report: https://www.fast-report.com/en/blog/show/export-pdf-a-delphi/ and WpCubed: http://www.wpcubed.com/pdf/products/wpdf/pdfa/
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Call AssignFile to initialize a file variable in Delphi code. F is a file variable of any file type. FileName is a string-type expression or an expression of type PChar if extended syntax is enabled. After calling AssignFile, F is associated with the external file until F is closed.
AssignFile (logFile, 'Test.txt'); Append (logFile); throws an error on the second line when the file doesn't exist yet, which I assume is expected. But I'm really failing at finding out how to a) test if the file exists and b) create it when needed. FYI, working in Delphi XE. delphi delphi-xe Share Improve this question Follow
Delphi Basics : AssignFile command Description The AssignFile procedure assigns a value to FileHandle for a FileName in preparation for reading or writing to that file. Version 1 Takes a text file variable type as the handle. The file is treated as a textfile when opened.
Delphi Basics : Assign command Description The Assign procedure is an obsolete version of AssignFile. The latter should always be used. Related commands AssignFile Assigns a file handle to a binary or text file Download this web site as a Windows program.
Description. Returns a list of files in a given directory. Use GetFiles to obtain a list of files in a given directory. The return value of GetFiles is a dynamic array of strings in which each element stores the name of a file.. There are three forms of the GetFiles method: . The first form accepts only the path of the directory for which files are enumerated.
File I/O - Delphi Examples. There are 3 basic methods to perform File I/O. Use Pascal file variables. Use Windows API function wrappers. Use Windows API functions. The delphi help files suggest that you use the Pascal routines if you can. Use of the non-native Pascal file variable handlers such as FileOpen is discouraged.
To start working with files from Delphi, we have to link a file on a disk to a file variable in our program. To create this link, we must use AssignFile procedure to associate a file on a disk with a file variable. AssignFile (F, 'Members.dat')
1. text File New and read use Put a button on the form and click Enter Procedure Tform1.button1click (Sender:tobject); Var Bat:textfile; Begin AssignFile (Bat, ' c:\123.txt '); Create and open a file Rewrite (BAT); The Rewrite process can create a new file and open it, using the Reset
If the directive appears at the start of a project's .dpr file and it lists two filenames, the first file is linked into the project, and the second appears in the project manager. When Delphi's IDE builds the project, it also compiles the resource script ( .rc file) into a .res file so it can link the .res file with the project.
Intro. PDFium Component Suite for FireMonkey has so many capabilities to handle PDF documents. It uses PDFium open-source PDF rendering engine and supports Windows, macOS, iOS, and Android. PDFium itself is used by the Chromium project. So, you can understand that "ium" comes from Chromium!